三氨基甲苯的工程化合成工艺及其反应安全性  

Engineering synthesis process and reaction safety of triaminotoluene

作　　者：张浩然 吴凡 李宁 何欢 马凡杰 刘巍 孙明 姜广雨 迟虹[3] 牛立伟 余开甲 王风云[1] ZHANG Haoran;WU Fan;LI Ning;HE Huan;MA Fanjie;LIU Wei;SUN Ming;JIANG Guangyu;CHI Hong;NIU Liwei;YU Kaijia;WANG Fengyun(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;China Rongtong Resource Development Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250353,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]中国融通资源开发集团有限公司,北京100081 [3]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)化学与化工学院,山东济南250353

出　　处：《工业催化》2024年第10期75-80,共6页Industrial Catalysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52072180)。

摘　　要：以2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)为原料,商业钯碳(Pd/C)为催化剂,通过催化氢化实现了一种芳香多胺类化合物——2,4,6-三氨基甲苯(TAT)的规模化合成。采用红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、高分辨质谱测试证明成功合成了TAT。当TNT用量为1 kg,乙酸乙酯用量为10 L时,TAT合成反应的最优工艺参数为:5%Pd/C用量40 g(干料)、反应温度60℃、氢气压力1 MPa、搅拌速率650 r·min^(-1)。TNT氢化反应安全性研究表明:TNT氢化反应为放热反应,平均放热速率为38.2 W·kg^(-1),绝热温升为150.85℃,不存在由于其反应失控而引发二次分解反应的可能性。A large-scale synthesis of an aromatic polyamine compound,2,4,6-triaminotoluene(TAT),was achieved through catalytic hydrogenation using 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)as raw material and commercial palladium carbon(Pd/C)as catalyst.The successful synthesis of TAT was demonstrated through infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and high-resolution mass spectrometry testing.When the dosage of TNT is 1 kg and the dosage of ethyl acetate is 10 L,the optimal process parameters for TAT synthesis reaction are 5%Pd/C dosage of 40 g(dry material),reaction temperature of 60℃,hydrogen pressure of 1 MPa,and stirring rate of 650 r·min^(-1).The safety study of TNT hydrogenation reaction shows that TNT hydrogenation reaction is exothermic,with an average exothermic rate of 38.2 W·kg^(-1)and an adiabatic temperature rise of 150.85℃.There is no possibility of secondary decomposition reaction caused by uncontrolled reaction.

关 键 词：精细化学工程 三硝基甲苯 三氨基甲苯 工艺优化 合成反应安全性 

分 类 号：TQ426.94[化学工程] O643.36[理学—物理化学]