2013-2022年洞庭湖水质变化及污染成因分析  

Analysis of Water Quality Trends and Pollution Causes in Dongting Lake from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：李照全 方平 黄光福 王丑明 卢少勇[3] LI Zhaoquan;FANG Ping;HUANG Guangfu;WANG Chouming;LU Shaoyong(Yueyang Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center of Hunan Province,Yueyang 414000,China;Eco-Environmental Monitoring Central of Dongting Lake of Hunan Province,Yueyang 414000,China;National Environmental Protection Dongting Lake Scientific Observation Research Station,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省岳阳生态环境监测中心,湖南岳阳414000 [2]湖南省洞庭湖生态环境监测中心,湖南岳阳414000 [3]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护洞庭湖科学观测研究站,北京100012

出　　处：《湖南理工学院学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期57-63,共7页Journal of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ40291)。

摘　　要：以2013-2022年洞庭湖及入湖河流、洞庭湖出口20个水质断面连续10年监测数据为基础,研究洞庭湖水质时空变化特征与污染成因.研究结果表明:洞庭湖水质总氮质量浓度ρ(TN)年平均值在1.21~2.60 mg/L之间;入湖河流ρ(TN)年平均值在1.28~2.88 mg/L之间,洞庭湖出口ρ(TN)年平均值在1.47~2.17 mg/L之间;洞庭湖水质总磷质量浓度ρ(TP)年平均值在0.036~0.128 mg/L之间,入湖河流ρ(TP)年平均值在0.035~0.167 mg/L之间,洞庭湖出口ρ(TP)年平均值在0.048~0.132 mg/L之间.洞庭湖水质时空分布差异明显,空间分布上,TN、TP呈现出入湖河流、洞庭湖出口、湖体依次降低趋势;时间分布上,TN、TP在2013-2020年呈下降趋势,2020-2022年下降趋势明显放缓甚至有所上升.RDA分析结果进一步表明:入湖河流ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)及湖体水位变化对洞庭湖ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)影响较大,洞庭湖水质还受其他污染因素影响.建议加强入湖污染物管控措施,在不同水文阶段积极开展水文调控,改善洞庭湖水质.This study examined the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and causes of water pollution in Dongting Lake based on water quality data from twenty sections of the lake and its inflow rivers and outlet from 2013 to 2022.The findings indicated that the annual average total nitrogen mass concentrationρ(TN)ranged from 1.21 to 2.60 mg/L in Dongting Lake,from 1.28 to 2.88 mg/L in the inflow rivers,and from 1.47 to 2.17 mg/L in the outlet.In addition,the annual average total phosphorus mass concentrationρ(TP)varied from 0.036 to 0.128 mg/L in Dongting Lake,from 0.035 to 0.167 mg/L in the inflow rivers,and from 0.048 to 0.132 mg/L in the outlet.The analysis revealed significant spatial differences and temporal variations in water quality.Spatially,the concentrations of TN and TP were higher in the inflow rivers compared to the outlet of Dongting Lake,while the outlet concentrations were greater than those in the lake body.Temporally,the concentrations of TN and TP exhibited a downward trend from 2013 to 2020,followed by a slowed decline or a significant increase from 2020 to 2022.Redundancy analysis further indicated that the water quality of Dongting Lake was influenced by its inflow rivers and fluctuations in lake water levels,as well as other pollution factors.These findings underscore the importance of enhancing the control of external pollutants and implementing active hydrological regulation across different hydrological stages to improve Dongting Lakes water quality.

关 键 词：洞庭湖 总氮 总磷 时空分布 污染评价 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]