2013—2022年海口市美兰区手足口病流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Meilan District of Haikou City from 2013—2022

作　　者：孔风鹤 孙华磊 KONG Feng-he;SUN Hua-lei(Department of Acute Infectious Diseases of Meilan District,Haikou,Hainan 570000;Department of Nutrition,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001)

机构地区：[1]海口市美兰区疾控中心急性传染病科,海南海口570000 [2]郑州大学第一附属医院营养科,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《赣南医科大学学报》2024年第9期933-936,共4页JOURNAL OF GANNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

基　　金：河南省自然科学基金青年项目(222300420337)。

摘　　要：目的:了解海口市美兰区手足口病的流行特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法:选择描述性流行病学方法对美兰区传染病监测系统报告2013—2022年的手足口病病例进行分析。结果:2013—2022年美兰区共报告手足口病确诊病例27538例,年均发病率为384.17/10万。433例实验室诊断病例中检测病原体分别为EV71(18.94%,82/433)、CoxA16型(31.41%,136/433)和其他型肠道病毒(49.65%,215/433);2013—2022年美兰区的手足口病发病高峰主要集中在4~6月和8~10月。城区报告病例数占病例总数的76.68%。发病人数男性居多,占60.32%,男女性别比为1.52∶1,小于3岁儿童病例数占病例总数的81.92%,其中散居儿童占病例总数的73.75%,托幼儿童占病例总数的22.84%。结论:近10年美兰区手足口病流行具有明显的时间、地区和人群特征,病原学中的优势毒株由EV71型向CoxA16、CoxA6等通用型转变,手足口病防控形势依然严峻,应进一步加强病原学监测,落实好综合防控措施以及做好监测预警和风险评估。Objective:To understand the popularity of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Meilan District,Haikou City,and provide the evidence for prevention and control strategies.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological methods were selected to analyze the cases of HFMD reported by the infectious disease surveillance system in Meilan District from 2013 to 2022.Results:A total of 27538 confirmed cases of HFMD were reported in Meilan District from 2013 to 2022,with an average annual incidence of 384.17/100000.The pathogens detected in 433 laboratory-diagnosed cases were EV71(18.94%,82/433),CoxA16(31.41%,136/433)and other enteroviruses(49.65%,215/433).The peak of HFMD incidence in Meilan District from 2013 to 2022 was mainly concentrated from April to June,August to October.The number of reported cases in urban areas accounted for 76.68%of the total cases.The majority of cases were male,comprising 60.32%of the total,with a sex ratio of 1.52∶1 between males and females.The number of cases in children under 3 years old accounted for 81.92%of the total number of cases,among which the number of scattered children accounted for 73.75%of the total number of cases,and the number of children in kindergartens accounted for 22.84%.Conclusion:In recent 10 years,the epidemic of HFMD in Meilan District has obvious characteristics of time,region and population,and the dominant strains in etiology have changed from EV71 to CoxA16,CoxA6 and other general types.Etiological surveillance should be further strengthened.The prevention and control of HFMD is still critical,and comprehensive prevention and control measures as well as monitoring,early warning and risk assessment should be well implemented.

关 键 词：手足口病 流行病学特征 发病率 EV71 COXA16 

分 类 号：R183.4[医药卫生—流行病学]