施用鸡粪对小麦秸秆养分释放及土壤溶解有机质演化的影响  

The Impact of Applying Chicken Manure on Nutrient Release From Wheat Straw and the Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in Soil

作　　者：杨光 潘红卫 童文彬 王珂珂 陈惠茹 王逸飞 孔海康 王晓婉 雷宏军 YANG Guang;PAN Hong-wei;TONG Wen-bin;WANG Ke-ke;CHEN Hui-ru;WANG Yi-fei;KONG Hai-kang;WANG Xiao-wan;LEI Hong(Department of Agricultural and Hydraulic Engineering,School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Major Project Research Office,Henan Ecological Environment Technology Center,Zhengzhou 450045,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学水利学院农业水利工程系,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省生态环境技术中心重大项目室,河南郑州450045

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2024年第11期3186-3194,共9页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809095,52079052);华北水利水电大学水利工程学科水利工程创新型科技团队培育项目(CXTDPY-9)资助。

摘　　要：秸秆还田配施畜禽粪便是一种重要的固体废弃物综合利用资源化技术。外源有机物还田主要以溶解性有机质(DOM)浸入土壤,探讨DOM的演变特征可有效预测秸秆还田土壤不稳定碳库的周转情况。由于禽畜粪便浸入土壤的DOM生物可利用性高于秸秆,两种方法结合后土壤DOM的演化规律尚不清楚。针对华北平原冬小麦夏玉米连作特点,在玉米生育期进行了田间定位试验,设置小麦秸秆还田、小麦秸秆还田配施鸡粪、鸡粪还田和不施肥4个处理。采用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析方法,阐明小麦秸秆还田过程中DOM的含量和组成的演变特征,并探究DOM组成演化对秸秆腐解的影响。结果表明添加鸡粪后秸秆失重率、碳氮释放率、土壤微生物碳和微生物氮分别显著提高了4.25%、5.56%、1.56%、12.44%和56.98%,土壤DOM腐殖质化指数显著升高11.97%。变差分解分析表明,类腐殖质和类蛋白质组分的联合作用对微生物碳氮具有正向影响;腐殖质类物质和蛋白质类物质的联合作用,以及微生物对秸秆碳释放均存在正向影响;类腐殖质和土壤微生物碳(MBC)对秸秆氮释放有正向影响。添加鸡粪强化了秸秆还田的效果,可以通过增加土壤微生物量和加速对不稳定的碳库的加工从而加快土壤养分周转并且有效地控制秸秆滞留的环境风险。研究结果有助于提高对外源有机物还田土壤不稳定碳库周转的理解,为利用鸡粪强化小麦秸秆还田效果奠定理论和数据基础。Returning crop straw to the field with livestock manure is an important technique for comprehensively utilizing solid waste resources.Exogenous organic matter returning primarily involves infiltrating dissolved organic matter(DOM)into the soil.Investigating the evolution characteristics of DOM can effectively predict the turnover of unstable carbon pools.However,the evolution patterns of soil DOM when combining straw returning with adding chicken manure are still unclear.This study conducted a field trial during the maize growth period in the North China Plain,with four treatments:wheat straw returning,wheat straw combined with chicken manure application,chicken manure returning,and no fertilizer application.Using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis,the temporal evolution of DOM content and composition during wheat straw returning was elucidated,and the influence of DOM composition evolution on straw decomposition was investigated.The results showed that adding chicken manure significantly increased the straw mass loss rate,carbon and nitrogen release rates,soil microbial carbon,and microbial nitrogen by 4.25%,5.56%,1.56%,12.44%,and 56.98%,respectively.The humification index of soil DOM increased significantly by 11.97%.Variance decomposition analysis revealed that the combination of humic-like and protein-like substances positively impacted microbial carbon and nitrogen.The combination of humic substances and protein substances,as well as microbial activity,had a positive impact on straw carbon release.Humic-like substances and microbial biomass carbon positively affected straw nitrogen release.In summary,the supplementation of chicken manure has demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in the efficacy of straw incorporation,as evidenced by the notable augmentation in soil microbial biomass and expedited processing of labile carbon pools.Consequently,this synergistic effect facilitates a more efficient turnover of soil nutrients while effectively mitigating any potenti

关 键 词：溶解性有机质(DOM) 三维荧光光谱 鸡粪 秸秆养分释放 腐殖化进程 

分 类 号：O657.3[理学—分析化学]