半经典响应理论  

Semiclassical response theory

作　　者：牛谦 高阳 肖聪 NIU Qian;GAO Yang;XIAO Cong(School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering,University of Macao,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学物理学院,合肥230026 [2]澳门大学应用物理及材料工程研究院,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《物理》2024年第7期460-471,共12页Physics

摘　　要：对电子响应性质的研究,如平衡态下的磁化率和非平衡态下的输运系数等,是早期固体理论发展的原初动力之一。当朴素的经典粒子观经由量子力学原理和多体作用的锤炼升华至半经典粒子观后,进一步辅以对几何相位和拓扑性的深刻认识,人们终获得理解响应性质的完善、准确、颇具物理直观性的半经典理论框架。文章将介绍基于现代的电子粒子观和几何相位的半经典响应理论这一基本框架,并摘选热电响应、自旋输运、非线性响应、外禀机制这四个重要研究方向中的一些代表性问题,来解释半经典响应理论的内涵并展示其在固体物理研究中的价值。The study of the response properties of electron systems,such as the magnetic susceptibility in equilibrium and various transport coefficients out of equilibrium,was one of the primal forces driving the early development of solid state physics.After the classical particle view of electrons was modified by quantum mechanics and the many-body effect and evolved into the modern semiclassical particle view,the semiclassical response theory was established with the further help of the deep insight into Hilbert-space geometry and topology,offering a complete,accurate and,most importantly,intuitive framework for discussing various response properties.In this article we introduce the semiclassical response theory using classical examples from four important aspects,namely,thermoelectric response,spin transport,nonlinear response,and extrinsic mechanisms.Its value in solid state physics will also be demonstrated.

关 键 词：半经典动力学 贝里曲率 人工电磁场 热电输运 爱因斯坦关系 热轨道磁化 守恒自旋流 昂萨格对易关系 电磁极化率 非线性霍尔效应 偏斜散射 散射横移 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]