日本与湄公河流域国家峰会的历史演进、特征分析与效果评估  

Historical Development Historical Development,Characteristic Analysisand Effect Evaluation of the Japan-Mekong Summit

作　　者：朱圣洁 姚全 Zhu Shengjie;Yao Quan(Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2024年第5期71-85,共15页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“东南亚次区域合作与区域格局演变研究”(22ASS004)。

摘　　要：日本于2009年开启了与湄公河流域五国的合作伙伴关系,六国领导人峰会定期举办,就此形成稳定的合作机制。截至2024年,日湄峰会已举办了12届,经历了起步与发展两个阶段。因2019年新冠疫情暴发和2021年缅甸军方政府上台等影响陷入停滞,目前,日本选择与除缅甸外的湄公河流域其他四国领导人单独会晤商讨援助、合作与区域问题,但作为日湄间最重要的合作机制,日湄峰会的重启只是时间问题。基于日湄峰会当前发展历程,可见其表现出鲜明的特征。政治上,日本主导峰会政治性议程,设置了朝核问题、南海问题以及联合国安理会改革三大地区或全球政治性议题,意在拉拢湄公河流域国家“选边站队”,支持日本立场;经济上,日本持续聚焦“高质量”基础设施建设,希望提高其在该区域提供基础设施建设合作方案的竞争力;机制互动上,日本意欲推动区域倡议与全球倡议对接,并加强与美湄合作机制的协调合作。总体来看,日湄峰会为湄公河流域的互联互通建设提质增效;日湄间专家、学者交流项目促进了民间人文交流;日湄峰会有利于该区域的环境治理。但是,日本借经济合作试图达成的政治图谋因为各国在政治立场和国家利益上存在差异而难以达成,并且由于日本不顾国际舆论强行排放核污水,以及在经济特区建设中出现的种种问题反映出与日湄峰会精神相悖的局限性。Japan initiated the partnership with the five Mekong countries in 2009.Following that,the regular summits of the six-party leaders have formed a stable cooperation mechanism,which can strengthen Japan's economic and political influence in the Mekong region and allow the Mekong countries to raise their national strength and political status through Japan's substantial aid and cooperation projects.The annual Japan-Mekong Summit,now totaling 12 times,has experienced two phases:inception and development.However,events such as the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019 and the coup in Myanmar in 2021 led to a standstill.Presently,Japan opts for separate meetings with leaders of the four Mekong countries except Myanmar to discuss aid,cooperation and regional issues.However,as the most important cooperation mechanism between Japan and the Mekong region,the restart of the Japan-Mekong Summit is only a matter of time.Throughout its development,the summit demonstrates distinctive features.Politically,Japan has led the political agenda of the summit,setting up three major regional and global political issues,i.e.,the North Korean nuclear issue,the South China Sea issue and the reform of the United Nations Security Council,to let the Mekong countries support Japan's position.Economically,Japan emphasizes"high-quality"infrastructure projects to enhance its competitiveness in providing infrastructure solutions.In terms of mechanism interaction,Japan intends to align regional initiatives with global ones and enhance coordination with the US-Mekong partnership.Overall,the Japan-Mekong Summit has improved the quality and efficiency of the connectivity construction in the Mekong region.Simultaneously,extensive exchanges between Japanese and Mekong experts promote people-to-people ties and mutual understanding,and contribute to environmental governance in the Mekong region.Nevertheless,Japan's political ambitions through economic cooperation face challenges due to differing political stances and national interests among participating countries.

关 键 词：日湄合作 日湄峰会 日本 大湄公河次区域 区域合作 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系] D831.3[政治法律—政治学]