不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of potassium nutrition on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut

作　　者：李锁丞 柳延涛[2] 董红业 孙振博 李紫薇 张春媛 王开勇[1] 李强[3] 杨明凤 LI Suocheng;LIU Yantao;DONG Hongye;SUN Zhenbo;LI Ziwei;ZHANG Chunyuan;WANG Kaiyong;LI Qiang;YANG Mingfeng(Agricultural College of Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China;Crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Wulanwusu Agrometeorological Experimental Station,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农垦科学院作物研究所,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第8期1926-1936,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团第二师铁门关科技攻关项目“塔里木盆地东南缘花生绿色丰产关键技术研究与示范”(2019NYGG13);花生国家产业技术体系新疆综合试验站(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响,为筛选新疆滴灌花生钾肥最佳施肥量提供依据。【方法】采用花育9610和黑花5号为材料,设置4个施钾处理:0 kg/hm^(2)(K_(0))、150 kg/hm^(2)(K_(1))、225 kg/hm^(2)(K_(2))和300 kg/hm^(2)(K_(3)),比较不同施钾量对花生光合参数、叶绿素含量及荧光参数的影响,分析不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】花育9610和黑花5号在K_(2)处理下提高了净光合率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度与K_(0)相比分别提高了9.67%、60.49%和13.53%,降低了胞间CO_(2)浓度,分别降低了14.25%、55.97%和15.14%;于出苗后80 d,K_(2)处理叶绿素含量、施钾量达到峰值,分别为2.92和3.01 mg/g;花育9610和黑花5号在整个生育期中ETR、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(F v/F o)均在出苗80 d K_(2)处理达到最大值,分别为98.34、0.84;4.24,98.57、0.85和4.32,较K_(0)处理有显著提高;花育9610和黑花5号不同施钾肥较不施钾肥在单株结果数、百果重、百仁重、出仁率均有所增加,不同施钾处理所表现的产量差异为K_(2)>K_(3)>K_(1)>K_(0),花育9610和黑花5号以K_(2)处理产量最高,分别为9428.71和9968.35 kg/hm^(2),较不施肥增产33.66%和35.26%。【结论】花育9610和黑花5号在出苗80 d的功能叶叶绿素a/b、光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(F v/F 0)均在K_(2)处理量下达到最大值。不同施钾处理产量表现为T_(2)K_(2)>T_(1)K_(2)>T_(2)K_(3)>T_(1)K_(3)>T_(2)K_(1)>T_(1)K_(1)>T_(2)K_(0)>T_(1)K_(0),花育9610和黑花5号产量均为K_(2)处理达到最高,分别为9428和9968 kg/hm^(2),并且各施肥处理黑花5号单产均高于花育9610,增施钾肥对花生增产效果显著。【Objective】To study the effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut under drip irrigation in the hope of providing a basis for peanut planting in Xinjiang.【Methods】Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were used as experimental materials,and four potassium application treatments were set:0 kg/hm^(2)(K_(0)),150 kg/hm^(2)(K_(1)),225 kg/hm^(2)(K_(2))and 300 kg/hm^(2)(K_(3)).The effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of peanut were compared,and the effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut under drip irrigation were explored.【Results】The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were significantly increased under K_(2)application,and the intercellular CO_(2)concentration was decreased.Compared with K_(0),they were increased by 9.67%,60.49%and 13.53%,14.25%,55.97%and 15.14%,respectively.The chlorophyll content in leaves reached the peak of 2.92 mg/g and 3.01 mg/g on the 80th days after emergence,respectively.During the whole growth period,ETR,PSⅡmaximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))and PSⅡpotential photochemical activity(F v/F o)of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 reached the maximum values of 98.34,0.84 and 4.24,98.57,0.85 and 4.32 at 80 d K_(2),respectively,which were significantly higher than those of K_(0).The number of pods per plant,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight and kernel rate of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were higher than those without potassium fertilizer.The yield difference of different potassium treatments was K_(2)>K_(3)>K_(1)>K_(0).In the experiment,the highest yield of Huayu 9,610 and Heihua 5 was 9,428.71 kg/hm^(2)and 9,968.35 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which was 33.66%and 35.26%higher than those without fertilizer.【Conclusion】The chlorophyll a/b,photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,electron transport rate(ETR),maximum phot

关 键 词：花生 钾肥 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]