减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜的影响  

Effects of optimal fertilization and organic fertilizer application on the yield and quality of oriental melon

作　　者：陈积豪[1,2] 张浩 梁其干 符小发 张学军[1,2,3] 毛建才 CHEN Jihao;ZHANG Hao;LIANG Qigan;FU Xiaofa;ZHANG Xuejun;MAO Jiancai(Hainan Sanya Crops Breeding Trial Center of Xinjiang Academy Agricultural Sciences,Sanya Hainan 572000,China;Sanya Mingzhu Melon and Watermelon Variety Demonstration,Evaluation and Research Center,Sanya Hainan 572000,China;Hami Melon Research Center,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院海南三亚农作物育种试验中心,海南三亚572000 [2]三亚明珠甜瓜西瓜展示评价研究中心,海南三亚572000 [3]新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第8期1969-1975,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(321QN382);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-25)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜产量及品质的影响,为甜瓜生产中减施化肥增效提供基础数据。【方法】以甜瓜品种黄梦脆为材料,在优化施肥基础上配施4个蚯蚓粪有机肥梯度处理,研究减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜生理、光合特性、产量、品质和线虫根结数量的影响。【结果】相较于常规施肥,T_(2)处理的蔓长、蔓鲜重、蔓干重、根鲜重、根干重较对照分别增加了26.3%、39.9%、23.5%、80.6%和53.3%;光合指标T_(2)处理的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率较对照分别提升了38.6%、45.4%和66.1%,与对照差异显著;甜瓜品质关键指标在T_(2)处理下达到最大,与对照差异显著。【结论】T_(2)处理(蚯蚓粪有机肥300 kg/667m^(2)+复合肥50 kg/667m^(2))综合表现最佳,可作为连作甜瓜施肥。【Objective】To study the effects of reducing fertilizer application and increasing organic earthworm manure application on continuous cultivation of muskmelon in the hope of providing basic data for fertilization reduction and efficiency improvement in muskmelon production.【Methods】A new melon variety Huangmengcui was used as the material to study the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing organic vermicompost fertilizer on physiology,photosynthesis,yield,quality and root-tie nematode of continuous cropping melon.【Results】Compared with conventional fertilization,the vine length,fresh vine weight,dry vine weight,fresh root weight and dry root weight of T_(2)treatment were increased by 26.3%,39.9%,23.5%,80.6%and 53.3%,respectively.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate treated with T_(2)were increased by 38.6%,45.4%and 66.1%compared with the control,respectively,and the differences were significant.The comprehensive analysis of yield index and quality index showed that the key quality index of melon reached the maximum under T_(2)treatment,which was significantly different from the control.【Conclusion】T_(2)(Earthworm organic fertilizer 300 kg/667m^(2)+compound fertilizer 50 kg/667m^(2))treatment has the best comprehensive performance,which can be used as a reference for continuous cultivation of melon fertilization.

关 键 词：甜瓜 蚯蚓粪有机肥 连作甜瓜 品质 线虫 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]