不同基质和播种密度对洋葱小鳞茎产出个数的影响  

Effects of different substrates and planting densities on onion bulblet yield

作　　者：阿热孜姑·吐逊 贾凯 高杰[1] Arezigu Tuxun;JIA Kai;GAO Jie(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第8期1993-2003,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“绿洲农业生态区露地蔬菜化肥农药减施技术模式建立与示范”(2018YFD0201205-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同栽培基质与播种密度对洋葱小鳞茎产出个数的影响,为实现洋葱的机械化定植奠定理论和技术基础。【方法】以洋葱品种白雪为材料,采用平底育苗盘播种方法,设计5种栽培基质和4种播种密度共15个处理,分析洋葱小鳞茎生长变化。【结果】羊粪∶园林土=1∶3、密度2.5 cm×2.5 cm处理的洋葱幼苗株高最高,为25.95 cm,假茎粗最粗,为2.27 mm;草炭∶珍珠岩=1∶2、密度2.5 cm×2.5 cm处理的洋葱叶片数最多,为4.20片;草炭∶珍珠岩=1∶2、密度2.5 cm×2.5 cm处理的过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于其他处理,羊粪∶园林土=1∶3、密度1.5 cm×1.5 cm处理的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于其他处理。珍珠岩∶蛭石=1∶3的所有密度处理间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)差异不显著,但高于其他处理。蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶2、密度2 cm×2 cm处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量值最高。草炭∶珍珠岩=1∶2、密度1.5 cm×1.5 cm的处理产出鳞茎个数最多,为35.55个/dm^(2)。【结论】草炭∶珍珠岩=1∶2、密度2 cm×2 cm的处理排名第一,该处理发芽率为91.33%,株高为18.01 cm,假茎粗为2.14 mm,叶片数为3.89片叶,鳞茎产出个数排名第三,综合表现良好,叶片数与假茎粗之间呈显著正相关(r=0.623,P<0.05);鳞茎产出个数与株高之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.518,P<0.05),在密度与基质二者的交互作用下鳞茎产出个数差异极显著。【Objective】The aim is to study the effects of different cultivation substrates and planting densities on the yield of onion bulblets.【Methods】With Baixue as the test material,the flat bottom seedling tray was used to sow,five kinds of cultivation substrates were designed,and four kinds of sowing densities were studied,A total of 15 treatments.This study lays the theoretical and technical foundation for realizing the mechanized colonization of onion bulblet as planting material.【Results】The results showed that the plant height of seedlings treated with sheep manure∶garden soil=1∶3,density 2.5 cm×2.5 cm was the highest,which was 25.95 cm,and the diameter of pseudostem was the thickest,which was 2.27 mm.The number of leaves treated with peat∶perlite=1∶2,density 2.5 cm×2.5 cm was the highest,which was 4.20.The peroxidase(POD)activity of peat∶perlite=1∶2,density 2.5 cm×2.5 cm treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments,and the catalase(CAT)activity of sheep manure∶garden soil=1∶3,density 1.5 cm×1.5 cm treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments.There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase(SOD)among all density treatments of perlite∶vermiculite=1∶3,but it was higher than other treatments.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in vermiculite∶perlite=1∶2,density 2 cm×2 cm treatment was the highest.Peat∶perlite=1∶2,density 1.5 cm×1.5 cm treatment per square centimeter of the largest number of bulbs,which was 35.55.【Conclusion】According to the comprehensive evaluation of membership function method,the treatment of peat∶perlite=1∶2,density 2 cm×2 cm ranks the first.The germination rate of this treatment group is 91.33%,the plant height is 18.01 cm,the pseudostem diameter is 2.14 mm,the number of leaves is 3.89,and the number of bulbs ranks the third,good comprehensive characteristics.There is a significant positive correlation between the number of leaves and the pseudostem diameter(r=0.623,P<0.05).There is a signif

关 键 词：洋葱小鳞茎 基质 播种密度 产出个数 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S633.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]