落叶型棉花黄萎病的生物学特征及药剂防治分析  

Biological characteristics and chemical control of defoliating cotton Verticillium wilt

作　　者：赖成霞[1] 杨延龙 李春平[1] 玛依拉·玉素音 王燕 杨栋 阳妮 葛风伟[4] 汪鹏龙 马君[1] LAI Chengxia;YANG Yanlong;LI Chunping;Mayila Yusuyin;WANG Yan;YANG Dong;YANG Ni;GE Fengwei;WANG Penglong;MA Jun(Research Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Science and Technology,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830091,China;Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830049,China;College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学科学技术学院,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区植物保护站,乌鲁木齐830049 [4]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第8期2034-2042,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业发展资金项目(20220126);农业创新资金项目(2020026528-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较研究新疆昌吉市和沙湾市落叶型棉花黄萎病病原菌的生物学特性,分析的多菌灵、乙蒜素、唑酮乙蒜素、枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉菌5种农药对棉花黄萎病的防治效果,筛选出高效的药剂用于指导棉花病害防治。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法,通过不同离子、pH值、碳源及温度生长的适应,分析各病原菌的主要生物学特性,并对5种农药进行室内毒力测定。【结果】昌吉市和沙湾市各病原菌生长最适温度为20~25℃,最适离子培养基为Ca^(2+),最适pH值5~7,最适碳源是蔗糖。5种供试药剂均对各病原菌具有明显的抑制效果。多菌灵、枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌对病原菌的抑制作用极强,昌吉市多菌灵、枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌其抑制中浓度EC_(50)值仅分别为0.2923~0.8193μg/mL、0.01661~0.02695μg/mL和0.1015~0.8846μg/mL,沙湾市EC_(50)值分别为0.3588~5.694μg/mL、1.813×10^(-2)~2.727×10^(-2)μg/mL和0.1810~0.6088μg/mL;而乙蒜素、唑酮乙蒜素对病原菌的防效最差,其EC_(50)在昌吉市分别高达71.04、111.6μg/mL,沙湾市分别为79.22、171.7μg/mL。【结论】昌吉市、沙湾市的各病原菌最适生长的温度为25℃,含Ca^(2+)培养基为最适离子培养基。各病原菌在pH值5~7时生长速率最快,最适生长环境为酸性环境,对偏碱性环境也有较好的耐受性。微菌核在偏碱性的环境下更易形成,在以蔗糖为碳源的培养基上的生长速率最快。多菌灵、枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌对棉花黄萎病菌有强抑菌作用,可在昌吉市和沙湾市用于防治棉花黄萎病。【Objective】To compare the biological characteristics of defoliating cotton verticillium wilt pathogens from Changji and Shawan and clarify the control effects of carbendazim,ethyl allicin,ethyl azolone,that is,Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzicum,which were commonly used in local production,on cotton verticillium wilt will be determined,and efficient and effective agents selected to guide the control of cotton disease.【Methods】The mycelial growth rate method was used to investigate the main biological characteristics of various pathogenic bacteria through adaptive growth of different ions,pH,carbon sources,and temperature.Meanwhile,the toxicity of five pesticides was measured indoors.【Results】The optimal temperature for the growth of pathogenic bacteria in Changji City and Shawan City was 20-25℃,the optimal ion culture medium was Ca^(2+),the optimal pH was 5-7,and the optimal carbon source was sucrose.All the 5 tested drugs had significantly different inhibitory effects on various pathogenic bacteria.Carbendazim,Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum had strong inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria.The EC_(50)of carbendazim,Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum to Changji was respectively 0.292,3-0.819,3μg/mL,1.661×10^(-2)-2.695×10^(-2)μg/mL,0.101,5-0.884,6μg/mL,for Shawan,0.358,8-5.694μg/mL,1.813×10^(-2)-2.727×10^(-2)μg/mL,0.181,0-0.608,8μg/mL,respectively,while allicin and azolidinone had the worst control effect on pathogenic bacteria,with an EC_(50)of 71.04μg/mL、111.6μg/mL in the Changji area and in the Shawan area 79.22 and 171.7μg/mL.【Conclusion】In Changji and Shawan,25℃is the ideal temperature for the growth of several pathogens,and the ideal ion medium is the one that contains Ca^(2+).Different infections develop fastest in pH values between 5 and 7,therefore acidic environments are ideal for their growth.Additionally,they can withstand alkaline conditions well.Microsclerotia develop quickest on culture media containing sucrose as the carbon source a

关 键 词：落叶型棉花 黄萎病 生物学特性 菌丝生长速率法 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]