不同播前处理对滇东北草地土著物种的控制效应  

Effect of different pre-sowing treatments on native species control of grassland in Northeast Yunnan

作　　者：付珣 沈有信[1,2] 徐晓莹 袁闯 FU Xun;SHEN Youxin;XU Xiaoying;YUAN Chuang(Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,Yunnan,China;Core Botanical Gardens,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Menglun 666303,Yunnan,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南昆明650223 [2]中国科学院核心植物园,云南勐腊666303 [3]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《草学》2024年第5期8-14,23,共8页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项:昭通南方草地恢复技术与优质牧草群落构建(XDA26020203-2)。

摘　　要：南方草地土壤种子库储量大且多样性程度高,这些土著物种种子萌发后与补播饲草物种竞争,对草地品质提升造成不利影响,但目前尚无成熟的解决方法。以滇东北的昭通亚高山草地表层土壤为对象,于隔离外界种子干扰的温室内以不播种(CK)和直接播种白三叶(Trifolium repens)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)(DS)为对照,比对覆膜控制后补播(Cover)、喷施除草剂控制后第8天补播(K8)、第16天补播(K16)、第24天补播(K24)后的草地群落组成、密度和生物量,揭示不同播前处理措施对草地土著物种的控制效应和补播效应的影响。结果表明,覆膜和除草剂处理能将土著物种的相对丰度降到CK的5%以下;K24处理相对于DS补播种密度值的补播效应值为1.33±0.08,而相对于DS补播物种生物量的补播效应值为0.94±0.07,其补播效应尚未完全显现但优于其余处理。播前管理措施能对土著物种产生控制效应,但需要权衡播种期延迟、除草剂残效对补播效应的影响。上述结果为探寻有效控制南方草地高密度土著物种、帮助补播物种建植的补播方法提供了基础支撑依据。The soil seed bank of southern grassland in China has a large reserve and high diversity.After the seeds of these native species germinate,they compete with reseeded forage species,adversely affecting the improvement of grassland quality.However,there is currently no mature solution.Taking the surface soil of the Zhaotong subalpine grassland in northeastern Yunnan as the object,six kinds of treatments were designed and implemented in a greenhouse isolated from external seed interference,including two control treatment:no seeding(CK)and directly seeding Trifolium repens,Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata(DS).The other four pre-sowing treatments are:reseeding after film covering control(Cover),reseeding on the 8th day after herbicide control(K8),reseeding on the 16th day(K16),and reseeding on the 24th day(K24).The community composition,density and biomass of grassland under different treatments were compared to reveal the control effects of native species and the reseeding effect of new seeding species.The results show that:The relative abundance of native species were reduced to less than 5%under film mulching and herbicide treatments;The density of native species were also significantly reduced(P<0.05)under film mulching and herbicide treatments,but there was no significant difference between pre-sowing treatments;The effect value of reseeding measured by the density of reseeding species in K24 treatment was 1.33±0.08,while that measured by the biomass of reseeding species was 0.94±0.07.The reseeding effect of K24 treatment was not fully developed but was better than that of other treatments.Pre-sowing management measures can produce control effects on indigenous species,but it is necessary to weigh the effects of delayed sowing date and residual herbicide on the after-sowing effect.The results above provide basic support for exploring reseeding methods that can effectively control the high density of native species in southern grasslands and help establish the grassland community dominated by Trifolium repe

关 键 词：补播 杂草控制 南方草地 草地改良 

分 类 号：S541.04[农业科学—作物学]