川西北高原山莨菪生境调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of the habitat of Anisodus tanguticus in the Northwest Sichuan Plateau

作　　者：刘雨桐 王筱卉[1] 刘刚[1,2,3] 杨思维 张诗吟 何鑫 尕措 LIU Yutong;WANG Xiaohui;LIU Gang;YANG Siwei;ZHANG Shiyin;HE Xin;GA Cuo(Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences,Hongyuan 624400,Sichuan,China;Engineering Technology Research Center for Alpine Grassland Ecological Restoration of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Chengdu 611743,Sichuan,China;Sichuan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Seda Grassland Ecology,Seda 626600,Sichuan,China;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Seda County,Seda 626600,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省草原科学研究院,四川红原624400 [2]国家林业和草原局青藏高原高寒草地生态修复工程技术研究中心,四川成都611743 [3]色达草地生态四川省野外科学观测研究站,四川色达626600 [4]色达县林业和草原局,四川色达626600

出　　处：《草学》2024年第5期29-37,共9页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);国家重点研发计划-色达县牦牛高效养殖技术集成与示范(2022YFD1601604)。

摘　　要：2022年8月—2023年9月,采用样地法对川西北高原山莨菪群居的植物群落结构特征进行调查,同时采集样地内土壤样品进行理化性质检测。结果显示:山莨菪分布区域内土壤理化性质较好,适宜植物生长;调查数据表明,山莨菪生境地群落的物种共有50种,隶属于18科45属。依据伴生植物生活型划分,灌木4种,占8%;草本46种,占92%;共有两个草地类型,分别是高寒草甸和山地草甸;群落中高山嵩草(Carex parvula)重要值排第一,达20.54,山莨菪(Anisodus tanguticus)重要值为13.48,排在第二;9号样地的Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和Simpson优势度指数最高,分别为1.55、3.70和0.73,Pielou均匀度指数最高的是16号样地,达0.63;2号样地的Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数最低,分别为0.73、0.28和0.36。土壤中的有机碳和P元素含量在很大程度上决定了山莨菪叶片对N元素的吸收。山莨菪的生长适合较疏松的土壤类型,同时对水分和土壤养分有较高的依赖性。土壤pH值对山莨菪群落生物多样性影响较大,山莨菪群落适合偏碱性土壤。调查显示,山莨菪所处的群落环境复杂多样,伴生植物种类十分丰富。研究结果将为山莨菪的区域性保护和开发利用提供理论依据。From August 2022 to September 2023,the plant community structure characteristics of S.spocyne in the Northwest Sichuan Plateau were investigated by sample plot method,and soil samples were collected in the sample plot for physical and chemical property detection.The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties in the distribution area were good and suitable for plant growth,and the survey data showed that there were 50 species in the habitat community of S.scyola,belonging to 18 families and 45 genera.According to the life form of associated plants,there were 4 species of shrubs,accounting for 8%,46 species of herbs,accounting for 92%,and two grassland types,namely alpine meadow and mountain meadow,among the communities,the importance value of Carex parvula ranked first(20.54),and the importance value of“Anisodus tanguticus”ranked second with 13.48,and the Shannon-Wiener index of plot 9 and Margalef index and Simpson dominance index were the highest,with 1.55,3.70 and 0.73,respectively,the highest Pielou evenness index was the highest in plot 16(0.63),and the Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index were the lowest in plot 2(0.73,0.28 and 0.36,respectively).The content of organic carbon and P in soil largely determines the uptake of N in the leaves of S.scopolatum.Scopole grows to fit looser soil types and is highly dependent on water and soil nutrients.Soil pH had a great effect on the biodiversity of the Scopolabe community,and the Anisodus tanguticus community was suitable for alkaline soils.The survey showed that the community environment of Scopolane was complex and diverse,and the associated plant species were very rich.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the regional protection and development and utilization of Anisodus tanguticus jiangweishan.

关 键 词：川西北高原 山莨菪 生境 群落特征 

分 类 号：S567.024[农业科学—中草药栽培]