鄂尔多斯盆地煤层(岩)气勘探开发进展及发展方向  

Progress and development direction of coalbed methane(coal-rock gas)exploration and development in the Ordos Basin

作　　者：李勇[1] 徐凤银 唐书恒[3] 王延斌[1] 孟尚志[4] 徐强 LI Yong;XU Fengyin;TANG Shuheng;WANG Yanbin;MENG Shangzhi;XU Qiang(College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Chinese Petroleum Society,Beijing 100724,China;School of Energy,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100015,China;General Prospecting Institute,China National Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京市100083 [2]中国石油学会 [3]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院 [4]中联煤层气有限责任公司 [5]中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2024年第10期63-79,共17页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于煤层气高效排采的煤粉凝聚—沉降机制研究”(编号:42072194)。

摘　　要：鄂尔多斯盆地历经30余年的不断探索,已在盆地东缘形成了超千亿立方米探明储量规模的浅层煤层气产业基地,并于2019年后逐步实现了盆地深层煤岩气勘探开发重大突破。为了进一步推动盆地深层煤岩气规模效益开发,在系统梳理盆地煤层(岩)气勘探开发历程和开发地质特征的基础上,总结了盆地煤层(岩)气勘探开发取得的主要成果和形成的关键勘探开发技术,提出了煤层(岩)气勘探开发的理论与技术发展方向。研究结果表明:①盆地主体经历了勘探开发探索(1991-2002年)、典型区带勘探开发突破(2003-2008年)、浅-中层煤层气规模勘探开发(2009-2018年)和深层煤岩气规模勘探开发(2019年至今)4个阶段,煤层(岩)气产量和深度不断取得重大突破;②受控于沉积环境、埋深、构造、水文条件、应力场等地质因素,煤层(岩)气从浅层向深层形成孔渗物性变差、游离气含量增加、含水量降低等储层特征演化,生产特征由排水采气转变为开井见气;③深层煤岩气勘探思路由有利区向地质-工程一体化甜点区转变,形成了地下-地面一体化的大井丛井网设计技术,研发了“密切割+大排量+组合支撑剂+前置酸+变黏滑溜水”极限体积压裂技术体系,提出了全生命周期煤岩气排采理念和排采技术。结论认为:①浅层煤层气需要围绕“高产老区稳产、低产低效区盘活、未动用区效益建产、非主力层系接替”4个方面推动规模效益开发;②深层煤岩气继续强化“煤系组合-煤层结构-煤体结构-煤岩类型”4个层次差异,完善“地应力-天然裂缝-人工裂缝-井型与方位-井网井距”五位一体井网设计,攻关“立体勘探、有序开发、多气协同、效益产出”开发技术。After more than 30 years of continuous exploration,the Ordos Basin has witnessed the construction of shallow coalbed methane industrial base with proved reserves of 100 billion cubic meters at the eastern margin.Since 2019,major breakthroughs have been achieved in deep coal-rock gas exploration and development in this basin.In order to further promote the large-scale benefit development of deep coal-rock gas in the Ordos Basin,this paper systematically reviews the exploration and development history and geological characteristics of coalbed methane(coal-rock gas)in this basin.Based on this,the main achievements and key technologies obtained in coalbed methane(coal-rock gas)exploration and development in the Ordos Basin are summarized,and the theoretical and technological development directions of coalbed methane(coal-rock gas)exploration and development are pointed out.The following results are obtained.First,the main body of the Ordos Basin has experienced four stages,i.e.,exploratory exploration and development(1991-2001),exploration and development breakthroughs in typical zones(2002-2008),large-scale exploration and development of shallow and middle coalbed methane(2009-2018),and large-scale exploration and development of deep coal-rock gas(2019-now),with significant breakthroughs in coalbed methane(coal-rock gas)production and depth.Second,controlled by geological factors such as sedimentary environment,burial depth,structures,hydrological conditions and stress field,the evolution of reservoir characteristics from shallow coalbed methane to deep coal-rock gas shows a decrease in porosity,permeability and water content and an increase in free gas content,leading to a shift in production characteristics from drainage gas recovery to immediate gas production upon well opening.Third,the idea of deep coal-rock gas exploration transforms from favorable areas to geological-engineering sweet spot areas,the underground-surface integrated design technology for large well cluster patterns is formed,the limit volume fra

关 键 词：鄂尔多斯盆地 浅层煤层气 深层煤岩气 勘探开发历程 地质认识 开发技术 技术发展方向 

分 类 号：P618.11[天文地球—矿床学]