乙酰化修饰调控细胞自噬的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Regulation of Autophagy by Acetylation Modification

作　　者：秦克宁 陈丹丹 徐鹏 王小敏 QIN Kening;CHEN Dandan;XU Peng;WANG Xiaomin(School of Preclinical Medicine of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,China;National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases,Shenzhen 518112,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学基础医学院,遵义563000 [2]深圳国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心,深圳518112

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2024年第11期4690-4701,共12页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260883);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般079);2018年度贵州省高层次创新型人才(CJ-991)。

摘　　要：自噬是细胞通过溶酶体的功能实现降解自身内容物的过程,自噬相关过程中的突变会导致严重的人类疾病,如癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、代谢疾病、肺部疾病和肾脏疾病等。自噬能够联合机体的一些生化反应组建成动态循环系统,起到消除有害物质的作用,且可以为细胞更新和维持体内平衡提供新的能量。因此,自噬在机体的生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。近年来,有医学和动物生理病理学研究指出乙酰化修饰在调控细胞自噬过程中发挥着关键作用。乙酰化修饰作为蛋白质翻译后修饰中的一类修饰方法,是由乙酰转移酶和去乙酰化酶介导的可逆的翻译后修饰。其中,乙酰转移酶将乙酰辅酶A的乙酰基团转移至底物蛋白的氨基酸残基上,而乙酰基团的去除由去乙酰化酶完成。乙酰化修饰常发生于组蛋白赖氨酸ε-氨基和非组蛋白的N-端α-氨基上。作者从组蛋白及非组蛋白乙酰化修饰水平方面阐述乙酰化修饰对细胞自噬的影响,以期为深入研究乙酰化修饰在细胞自噬中扮演的角色及其在各类疾病上的治疗作用提供参考和方向。Autophagy is a process in which cells degrade their own contents through the function of lysosomes.Mutations in autophagy-related processes can lead to serious human diseases,such as cancer,cardiovascular diseases,neurodegenerative diseases,metabolic diseases,lung diseases and kidney diseases.Autophagy can combine some biochemical reactions of the body to form a dynamic circulatory system,which can eliminate harmful substances and provide new energy for cell renewal and maintaining balance in the body.Therefore,autophagy plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of the body.In recent years,some medical and animal physiological and pathological studies have pointed out that acetylation modification plays a key role in regulating cell autophagy.As a kind of modification methods in protein post-translational modification,acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification mediated by acetyltransferase and deacetylase.Among them,acetyltransferase transfers the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A to the amino acid residue of the substrate protein,and the removal of acetyl group is completed by deacetylase.Acetylation modification often occurs on the histone lysineε-amino group and the N-terminalα-amino group of non-histone proteins.The authors describe the effect of acetylation modification on cell autophagy from the level of histone and non-histone acetylation modification,in order to provide reference and direction for the further study of the role of acetylation modification in cell autophagy and its therapeutic effect on various diseases.

关 键 词：自噬 乙酰化 组蛋白 非组蛋白 组蛋白乙酰转移酶 

分 类 号：S852.21[农业科学—基础兽医学]