反刍动物甲烷减排研究进展  

Advancements in Research on Methane Emission Reduction in Ruminant Animals

作　　者：李高龙 吴兆海 赵连生[1] 卜登攀[1] 王建平[2] LI Gaolong;WU Zhaohai;ZHAO Liansheng;BU Dengpan;WANG Jianping(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,Institute of Animal Science of CAAS,Beijing 100193,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]河南科技大学动物科技学院,洛阳471000

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2024年第11期4812-4823,共12页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFXM0002);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF02016);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07-1)。

摘　　要：甲烷是温室气体的重要组成,而反刍动物生产是甲烷排放的重要源头。近年,反刍动物甲烷减排研究已成为热点。如何安全高效地降低反刍动物甲烷排放对于推进畜牧业实现可持续发展和环境友好至关重要,并在提高饲料转化率、减少环境污染以及提升反刍动物生产性能方面具有重要作用。为了助推畜牧业绿色发展,作者从反刍动物甲烷产生方式出发,阐述了调整饲粮结构(包括饲粮精粗比例、饲料原料质量、饲料原料搭配等)、优化饲养管理(包括改善饲养环境、改变放牧方式以及对饲料原料进行加工处理等)、优选适宜品种和生理状态动物(选择低甲烷排放品种或生理状态个体)以及利用植物次级代谢产物(如单宁、皂苷和精油等)、微生态制剂(如酵母菌、乳酸菌和枯草芽孢杆菌等微生物)、有机酸(如苹果酸、延胡索酸和单宁酸等)、无机化合物(3-NOP)以及藻类(海藻和微藻)等多种减排措施,总结了各项措施在降低甲烷排放方面所取得的具体效果,并寻求更加适合的减排方案。在对文献进行综述的基础上,提出了甲烷减排的具体措施与建议,希望能够为未来相关领域深入研究提供参考,同时也为生产中降低甲烷排放提供借鉴经验。Methane is an important component of greenhouse gases,and ruminant production is an important source of methane emissions.In recent years,the research of methane emission reduction in ruminants has become a hot topic.How to safely and efficiently reduce ruminant methane emissions is crucial to promoting sustainable and environmentally friendly animal husbandry,and plays an important role in improving feed conversion,reducing environmental pollution and improving ruminant production performance.In order to promote the green development of animal husbandry,the author starts from the elaboration of the methane production mode of ruminants,and adjusts the total food structure(including the proportion of dietary concentrate and crude,feed raw material quality,feed raw material mix,etc.),optimizing feeding management(including improving the feeding environment,changing grazing methods,and processing feed raw materials,etc.),selecting suitable varieties and animals with physiological status(selecting varieties with low methane emission or individuals with physiological status),and utilizing plant secondary metabolites(such as tannins,saponins,and essential oils),microecological preparations(such as yeast,Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis),organic acids(such as malic acid,fumaric acid and tannic acid,etc.),inorganic compounds(3-NOP)and algae(algae and microalgae),and the specific effects of various measures in reducing methane emissions were summarized.And seek a more suitable emission reduction plan.Based on the literature review,specific measures and suggestions for methane emission reduction are proposed,hoping to provide a reference for further research in related fields in the future,and also provide reference experience for reducing methane emissions in production.

关 键 词：甲烷 瘤胃 反刍动物 减排 添加剂 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]