珠江广州段水体微塑料的分布特征及迁移规律  

Transport and Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in the Surface Water of Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River

作　　者：陈鸿展 区晖 叶四化 张倩华 周树杰 麦磊 CHEN Hongzhan;OU Hui;YE Sihua;ZHANG Qianhua;ZHOU Shujie;MAI Lei(Guangzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510060,China;Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510308,China;Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health,School of Environment,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511443,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省广州生态环境监测中心站,广东广州510060 [2]广东省生态环境监测中心,广东广州510308 [3]暨南大学环境学院,广东省环境污染与健康重点实验室,环境微塑料研究中心,广东广州511443

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2024年第5期109-117,共9页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21936004)。

摘　　要：全球海洋塑料污染日益严重,河流是陆地产生的微塑料向海洋传输的重要渠道。珠江微塑料的入海通量排名处于世界前列,其中流经广州市区的虎门入海口的贡献量远高于其他入海口。为探究珠江广州段支流水体微塑料的污染现状并厘清其影响因素,文章对珠江广州段(包括支流和入海口)18个典型采样点位的表层水体微塑料进行了综合分析。结果显示,微塑料的污染丰度为0.123~25.2个/m^(3)。微塑料的主要类型包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯等,其占比远高于其他类型微塑料。珠江广州段接收广州市区及周边城市排放的生活、农业和工业废水,其中纤维主要来自纺织品的洗涤,聚乙烯和聚丙烯均为生活中的常用塑料,聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯多用于生产各类塑料产品(如塑料玩具、泡沫箱等)。在4类监测断面(点)中,入境断面和监控断面的微塑料丰度远高于背景点和入海口。流经人口密集、城市化程度高的区域的支流微塑料丰度远高于其他支流,入海口微塑料丰度最低。可见,人类活动是影响微塑料在不同河段分布的最主要因素。Global marine plastic pollution is becoming increasingly serious.Rivers are considered as a vital pathway for the transport of land-generated microplastics(MPs)to the ocean.The riverine MPs outflows from the Pearl River ranks among the top highest outflows in the world,and the contribution of Humen Estuary,which flows through the urban area of Guangzhou,is much higher than of other estuaries at the Pearl River Delta.In order to investigate the distribution of MP pollution in the surface water of the Pearl River tributaries in Guangzhou section and clarify its influencing factors,the present study conducted a comprehensive analysis on MPs in the surface water in 18 typical sampling sites in Guangzhou section of the Pearl River(including tributaries and estuaries).The results showed that the abundances of MPs were 0.123-25.2 particles/m^(3).The main types of MPs were polyethylene,polypropylene,polystyrene,and fiber,which accounted for a much higher proportion than other types of MPs.The Pearl River tributaries in Guangzhou section receives domestic,industrial,and other wastewater discharges from the downtown of Guangzhou and the surrounding cities.Fibers are mainly from the washing of textiles.Polyethylene and Polypropylene are the main composition of plastic products commonly used in human daily life.Polystyrene and polypropylene are mostly used in various plastic products(such as plastic toys and foam boxes).In the four types of monitoring sites/sections,the abundances of MPs in the inter-city entry section and regular monitoring section were much higher than those in the background points and the estuaries.The abundance of MPs in the tributaries flowing through an area with high population density and urbanization level was higher than those in other tributaries.The estuaries had the lowest MPs abundances.Obviously,human activities are the most important factors affecting the distribution of MPs in different tributaries.

关 键 词：微塑料 珠江 水体 入海口 分布 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]