近代金沙江航运及贸易  

Interpretation of Modern Shipping and Trade on Jinsha River

作　　者：车辚 马瑜[1,2] CHE Lin;MA Yu(College of Marxism,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan,China 650201;Institute of Science and Technology History,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan,China650201)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学马克思主义学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学科学技术史研究所,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《昆明学院学报》2024年第5期69-80,共12页Journal of Kunming University

摘　　要：从地理、技术、经济的角度考察金沙江水系的水文特征、渡口分布、船舶和浮具形制、航运与贸易的关系,可以发现,金沙江航运开通的受益者除了中央政府、地方政府,还有川滇藏诸省的商民。粗略估算,金沙江流域历史上出现过的渡口至少有147个。跨越金沙江的川滇东路和西路贸易以渡口和码头为转运枢纽,通过水陆联运方式沟通县际、省际以及国际贸易,构成了一个具有地方特色、民族特色的区域市场。今天,由于高速公路、铁路的快速发展,城市之间已经形成立体交通网络,传统意义上的渡口、码头、港口功能实现现代化升级,但在局部地区航运依然具有方便、廉价、重载的优势。同时,一些古渡口具有不可替代、不可再生的历史、艺术以及科学价值,是实证中华五千年文明史的重要文物资源。因此,应加强古渡口遗址保护,可考虑建立水运博物馆和遗址公园,以此展现我国西南各民族文化融入中华文明的历史进程,展现南方丝绸之路的水上风貌,从而构建中华文明的西南水上标识体系。The hydrological characteristics of Jinsha River system,ferry distribution,the shape of ships and floating vehicles,the relationship between shipping and trade are investigated from the perspectives of geography,technology and economy.It can be found that the beneficiaries of the opening of Jinsha River shipping were not only the central government,local government,but also the merchants in Sichuan,Yunnan and Xizang provinces.A rough estimate suggests that at least 147 ferry crossings have occurred in the history of the Jinsha River basin.The trade of Sichuan-Yunnan East Road and West Road across Jinsha River takes ferries and docks as transport hubs and communicates with inter-county,inter-provincial and international trades through land-water combined transport,forming a regional market with local and ethnic characteristics.Today,due to the rapid development of highways and railways,a three-dimensional transportation network has been formed between cities,and the traditional functions of ferries,docks,and ports have been modernized and upgraded.However,in some areas,shipping still has the advantages of convenience,low cost,and heavy load.At the same time,some ancient ferry crossings have irreplaceably and non-renewably historical,artistic,and scientific values,and are important cultural relics resources that show China's 5000-year civilization history.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the protection of the ancient ferry crossing site,and consider establishing a water transportation museum and a site park to show the historical process of integrating the cultures of various ethnic groups in southwest China into Chinese culture,and to show the water landscape of the Southern Silk Road,thus constructing a southwest water signage system of Chinese civilization.

关 键 词：近代 金沙江 航运 贸易 

分 类 号：K250.6[历史地理—历史学] K928.4[历史地理—中国史]