三峡工程泥沙问题研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospects on sediment issues of the Three Gorges Project

作　　者：任实 高宇 Ren Shi;Gao Yu(China Three Gorges Corporation,Wuhan 430010,P.R.China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Operation Safety of High Dam and Large Reservoir,Yichang 443134,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,武汉430010 [2]高坝大库运行安全湖北省重点实验室,宜昌443134

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2024年第6期1611-1625,共15页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2040218);中国长江三峡集团员工科研项目(NBYG20220167);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3209105)联合资助。

摘　　要：泥沙问题是三峡工程的关键技术问题之一,关系到三峡工程设计成败和安全高效运行。在三峡工程论证、设计、建设和运行的各个阶段,针对重大的工程泥沙问题进行了系统和持续的监测与研究,为三峡工程成功建成与运行提供了重要科技支撑。本文系统阐述了三峡工程泥沙问题的研究历程与解决途径,对三峡水库蓄水运用以来入库水沙变化、水库淤积、坝下游冲刷、泥沙优化调度等方面取得的研究成果进行了分析总结。研究成果表明三峡工程泥沙问题及其影响基本未超出论证与初步设计的预测,处于安全可控状态。本文还根据新需求对今后泥沙问题研究提出了建议,包括梯级水库泥沙联合调度、泥沙变化的生态效益、泥沙监测技术提升等。Reservoir sedimentation related problem is one of the key technical issues in the Three Gorges Project(TGP).It is related to the success of the TGP design and operation for safety and efficiency.Systematic and continuous monitoring and research have been conducted on major sedimentation related problems during the stages of demonstration,design,construction,and operation,providing significant technological support for successful completion and operation of the TGP.This article systematically elaborated on the research process and solutions to sediment problems in the TGP,and summarized the research achievements in the changes of inflow water and sediment,reservoir sedimentation,downstream scouring,and sediment optimization scheduling.The results showed that reservoir sedimentation and its impact on the TGP have not exceeded the prediction results in stage of demonstration and preliminary design,and reservoir sedimentation related problems were in a safe and controllable state.This article also proposed suggestions for future research on sediment issues based on new demands and requirements,including joint sediment scheduling of cascade reservoirs,ecological benefits of sediment changes,and improvement of sediment monitoring technology.

关 键 词：三峡工程 泥沙淤积 优化调度 坝下游河道冲刷 江湖关系 水库长期使用 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]