上游梯级水库建成运行对长江总磷输移影响分析及管控对策建议  

The transport impact and control strategy recommendations of total phosphorus of the Yangtze River under the establishment and operation of upstream cascade reservoirs

作　　者：张为 黎睿[1,2] 王丹阳 汤显强[1,2] Zhang Wei;Li Rui;Wang Danyang;Tang Xianqiang(Basin Water Environmental Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,P.R.China;Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院流域水环境研究所,武汉430010 [2]长江科学院流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉430010

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2024年第6期1720-1731,共12页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CKSF2023188/SH,CKSF2021442/SH);国家自然科学基金项目(41907155)联合资助。

摘　　要：长江上游梯级水库的建成运行改变了河流水沙条件,河流的天然水文节律被打乱,水沙磷由同步输送转变成非平衡性和不连续性输送,总磷的通量和赋存形态也发生改变。受水量水位调控、泥沙拦截淤积和水库滞热等影响,河流的径流、泥沙、温度等均发生改变,并产生系列生态环境效应。针对新情势下长江总磷问题,尤其是水利工程建设运行导致径流、泥沙、水温和磷的输送变异,从水沙空间格局及磷迁移转化特征等方面梳理长江流域的新情势,并分析了径流泥沙温度变化对磷输送的影响。结合总磷管控现状及存在的不足,建议加强河湖库中总磷标准的衔接,完善总磷环境标准体系,推动水质基准的研究,强化地方和流域标准的制定,并坚持将总磷排放浓度与总量双重控制相结合,最终为总磷问题的有效解决提供支撑。The water and sediment conditions have been changed by the establishment and operation of the cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,resulting in the disruption of natural hydrological rhythm.The transports of water-sand-phosphorus have been transformed into imbalanced and discontinuous,as well as alterations in the flux and occurrence form of total phosphorus.Furthermore,under the influence of water level regulation,sediment interception and reservoir thermal stagnation,the river runoff,sediment,temperature has changed,producing a series of regional ecological environment effects.In view of the total phosphorus in the Yangtze River,especially the variation of runoff,sediment,water temperature and phosphorus transport caused by the construction and operation of water conservancy project,this paper reviewed the new situation of the Yangtze River basin from the aspects of the spatial pattern of water-sediment,as well as the migration and transformation characteristics of phosphorus in the Yangtze River.Meanwhile,the influence of runoff-sediment-temperature change on phosphorus transport was analysed.Based on the deficiencies of total phosphorus monitoring and management,it was recommended to strengthen the connection between total phosphorus standards in rivers,lakes and reservoirs,improve the environmental standard system of total phosphorus,promote the study of water quality benchmark,enhance the formulation of local and watershed standards,and adhere to the dual control of total phosphorus emission concentration and total load.These measures will ultimately contribute to the effective resolution of total phosphorus issues.

关 键 词：长江流域 梯级水库 水文情势 总磷 水沙变化 对策建议 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV62[水利工程—水利水电工程]