青海湖流域沼泽湿地地表能量平衡特征分析  

The characterization of the surface energy balance of swamp wetlands in the Qinghai Lake watershed

作　　者：刘晓洋 张乐乐 陈克龙[1,2,3] 高黎明 段紫仪 LIU Xiaoyang;ZHANG Lele;CHEN Kelong;GAO Liming;DUAN Ziyi(Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation(Ministry of Education),Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process,College of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining 810008,China;School of Cyberspace Security,Gansu University of Political Science and Law,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海师范大学地理科学学院青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁810008 [4]甘肃政法大学网络空间安全学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2024年第5期1666-1677,共12页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目(2022-ZJ-711);国家自然科学基金项目(42171467,42001060)资助。

摘　　要：地表能量平衡是地气相互作用研究的重要内容,对能量交换、物质循环、气候环境变化、生物多样性等方面均具有重要意义。青海湖流域是青藏高原生态安全的重要屏障,沼泽湿地是流域内主要的生态系统类型,但针对青海湖流域沼泽湿地能量平衡方面的研究较少。基于此,本研究利用2019年瓦颜山综合观测场获取的能量平衡观测数据,分析了青海湖流域高寒沼泽湿地地表能量平衡变化特征。结果表明:瓦颜山沼泽湿地地表辐射通量均具有显著的季节变化特征,向下和向上短波辐射通量表现为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季;净辐射、向上和向下长波辐射通量表现为夏季最大,春、秋季次之,冬季最小。能量平衡特征具体表现为净辐射主要被潜热通量和感热通量消耗,占比分别达全年有效能量的60.6%和35.3%,夏、秋季主要消耗潜热通量,冬、春季主要消耗感热通量。沼泽湿地相较于青藏高原其他下垫面,地表潜热通量在夏、秋季占比更大,可占有效能量的75%以上。瓦颜山沼泽湿地全年地表能量闭合率0.69,冻结期和非冻结期闭合率分别为0.51和0.74。Surface energy balance is an important part of the land-atmosphere interaction,which is of great sig⁃nificance for the study of energy exchange,water cycle,climate change and biodiversity.The Qinghai Lake wa⁃tershed is an important barrier for the ecological security of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,and the swamp wetland is the main ecosystem type in the basin.However,there has been little research on the energy balance of swamp wetlands in the Qinghai Lake watershed.Based on this,this study analyzed the variation characteristics of sur⁃face energy balance of alpine swamp wetland in Qinghai Lake watershed by using the observed data obtained from the Wayanshan site in 2019.The results show that the surface radiation flux of the swamp wetland at the Wayanshan site has seasonal variation characteristics,and the downward and upward shortwave radiation values are highest in spring and lowest in winter.The net radiation,upward and downward longwave radiation fluxes are the largest in summer,followed by spring and autumn,and the smallest in winter.The net radiation is main⁃ly consumed by latent heat flux and sensible heat flux,accounting for 60.6%and 35.3%of the annual effective energy,respectively.The effective energy is mainly consumed by latent heat flux in summer and autumn,and by sensible heat flux in winter and spring.Compared with other underlying surfaces of the Qinghai-Xizang Pla⁃teau,the surface latent heat flux consumes a larger proportion(>75%)of the effective energy in the swamp wet⁃land in summer and autumn.The annual surface energy closure rate of swamp wetlands was 0.69,and the clo⁃sure rates during the freezing and non-freezing periods were 0.51 and 0.74,respectively.

关 键 词：辐射平衡 能量平衡 闭合率 青海湖流域 沼泽湿地 

分 类 号：P412.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]