消防水枪辅助支撑外骨骼的设计与可靠性分析  

Design and reliability analysis of the exoskeleton of fire gun

作　　者：李艳志 白小龙 王建敏 Li Yanzhi;Bai Xiaolong;Wang Jianmin(Tianjin Fire Science an Technology Research Institute of MEM,Tianjin 300381,China;Key Laboratory of Fire Protec-tion Technology for Industry and Public Building,Ministry of Emergency Management,Tianjin 300381,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology,Tianjin 300381,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津300381 [2]工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室,天津300381 [3]天津市消防安全技术重点实验室,天津300381 [4]天津大学机械工程学院,天津300354

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2024年第10期1459-1465,共7页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目(2022SJ01)。

摘　　要：针对当前消防工作场景中消防员需要长时间托举水枪导致身体容易疲劳这一问题,研制了消防水枪外骨骼。在初步完成外骨骼的受力结构设计后,为验证受力结构在工作时的可靠性,使用ABAQUS仿真软件对其进行应力应变分析。有限元计算结果显示,由于开启水枪的瞬间会产生较大冲击载荷,此时外骨骼在水枪冲击作用下会产生工作状态时最大应力,在工作状态下,外骨骼危险部件的最大应力为1.639×10^(-2)MPa,最大形变为4.835×10^(-3)mm,均在合理安全的数值范围内。在验证外骨骼具有较高可靠性后,对其进行总体设计,详细阐述受力结构以及非受力的功能性部分的设计完善。在实物测试中,对比不穿戴外骨骼进行灭火作业时,消防员在穿戴外骨骼进行灭火作业时明显感受到托举水枪的小臂受到的负载减轻,身体左右两侧肌肉发力更为均衡。利用生物力学分析,分析穿戴外骨骼前后进行消防作业时人体多个关节和肌肉部分的受力情况,结果表明,穿戴外骨骼后,关节受力情况均有所改善,肌肉激活度有所下降。In view of the phenomenon that firefighters are required to lift the water gun hose for a long time in the current firefighting work scene and are prone to physical fatigue,a firefighting water gun exoskeleton was developed for the firefighting work scene.After the preliminary completion of the force structure design of the exoskeleton,in order to verify the reliability of the exoskel-eton at work,ABAQUS finite element simulation software was used to carry out the stress and strain analysis.The finite element calculation results show that,due to the large impact load will be generated at the moment when the water gun is opened,the maxi-mum stress of the exoskeleton under the impact of the water gun will be generated.The maximum stress of the dangerous parts of the exoskeleton under the working state is 1.639×10^(-2)MPa,and the maximum deformation is 4.835×10^(-3)mm.All the values are within the reasonable and safe range.After verifying the high reli-ability of the exoskeleton,the overall design is carried out,and the stress structure and non stress functional parts are elaborated in detail to improve the design.In the physical test,compared with the firefighting operation without wearing exoskeleton,the fireman obviously felt the lower load on the forearm used to lift the water gun while wearing exoskeleton,and the force sensation of the left and right muscles of the body was improved more evenly.Using biomechanical analysis,the force distribution of multiple joints and muscle parts in the human body during fire-fighting operations before and after wearing exoskeletons was ana-lyzed.The results showed that after wearing exoskeletons,the joint force distribution improved and muscle activation decreased.

关 键 词：消防装备 上肢外骨骼 有限元仿真 可靠性分析 生物力学仿真 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU998.13[建筑科学—市政工程]