有机肥配施盐碱土壤改良剂对盐碱地土壤性状及甜菜产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Saline-alkaline Soil Amendments on Soil Properties, Sugar Beet Yields, and Quality in Saline-alkaline Land

作　　者：陆海玲 LU Hailin(Suzhou District Modern Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Centre,Jiuquan Gansu 735000,China)

机构地区：[1]酒泉市肃州区现代农业技术推广服务中心,甘肃酒泉735000

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2024年第10期944-948,共5页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：甜菜是酒泉市肃州区支柱产业之一,但当地的土壤盐碱因素严重制约了酒泉甜菜产业的高质量发展,盐碱土壤改良需求迫切。为了给盐碱地改良和甜菜种植提供科学依据和技术支撑,我们以甜菜品种甘糖7号为试材,通过2020—2022年连续3 a试验,研究了有机肥配施“禾康”盐碱土壤改良剂对土壤理化性质及甜菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与对照不施有机肥及盐碱土壤改良剂相比,施用有机肥60 t/hm^(2)同时配施“禾康”盐碱土壤改良剂30 kg/hm^(2)(整地后种植前随水施入50%用量,剩余50%用量于第2次灌溉时随水施入)可显著降低盐碱地土壤含盐量、pH、电导率、容重,提高土壤有机质含量和阳离子交换量,同时也提高了甜菜产量和品质,其中土壤含盐量、pH、电导率、容重分别降低38.7%、10.9%、23.2%、9.3%,土壤有机质含量和阳离子交换量分别提高39.1%和10.8%,甜菜可溶性固形物含量和产量提高25.2%和23.1%。由此可见,盐碱土壤改良剂配施一定量的有机肥可实现土壤改良,作物增产且品质提升的效果。Sugar beet is one of the pillar industries in Suzhou District,Jiuquan City,but the high salinity and alkalinity of the local soil severely restricts the high-quality development of the sugar beet industry,therefore,the need for saline-alkaline soil improvement is urgent.To provide scientific reference and technical support for saline-alkaline land reclamation and sugar beet cultivation,a three-year experiment(2020 to 2022)was conducted using the sugar beet variety Gantang 7 as the test material.The study investigated the effects of applying organic fertilizer combined with the'Hekang'saline-alkaline soil amendment on soil physicochemical properties,sugar beet yields,and quality.The results showed that compared to the control(without organic fertilizer or saline-alkaline soil amendments),applying 60 t/ha of organic fertilizer along with 30 kg/ha of'Hekang'saline-alkaline soil amendment(50%applied with water before planting and the remaining 50%applied with the second irrigation)significantly reduced soil salinity,pH,electrical conductivity,and bulk density,while increasing soil organic matter content and cation exchange capacity.These changes also improved sugar beet yield and quality in which soil salinity,pH,electrical conductivity,and bulk density were decreased by 38.7%,10.9%,23.2%,and 9.3%,respectively.Meanwhile,soil organic matter content and cation exchange capacity were increased by 39.1%and 10.8%,respectively,and sugar beet soluble solids content and yield were increased by 25.2%and 23.1%.This indicates that applying a certain amount of organic fertilizer combined with saline-alkaline soil amendments could effectively improve soil,increase crop yield,and enhance quality.

关 键 词：盐碱地 甜菜 土壤改良剂 有机肥 土壤性状 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学] S147.2