数据资源持有权的法律表达:作为一种独立财产权的法定化可能  

The Legal Expression of Data Resource Ownership--The Possibility of Statutory Recognition as an Independent Property Right

作　　者：庞琳 PANG Lin

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人工智能法学院 [2]西南政法大学智能司法重庆市2011协同创新中心

出　　处：《学习与探索》2024年第10期94-104,176,共12页Study & Exploration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“数据权属及利用的法律规制研究”(22C10652054);重庆市教委人文社会科学类研究项目“数据要素确权的法律供给研究”(22SKGH025);重庆市社会科学规划项目“重庆市公共数据授权运营收益分配制度研究”(2023NDQN15)。

摘　　要：数据资源持有权的权利内容在理论上有诸多探讨,而司法实践鲜有回应,根源在于其权利类型不清晰、规范表达不明确、法律适用不准确。数据资源蕴含公共利益、人格利益、财产利益,呈现出权利主体多元、权利客体重叠的特征。数据价值链的历时性维度重在内部单一数据权益法律关系的生成与识别,共时性维度重在多元主体外部权益间的冲突与限制。数据资源持有权与物权、知识产权有本质区别,其具有成为一种独立权利类型的可能性,其产生基于特定的行为。目前实践中对数据资源登记的规定并不具有赋权的效力,关于数据资源登记的客体及其性质并不明确。作为独立权利类型的数据资源持有权之适用需要补足立法供给,跳出通行的反不正当竞争法解释路径,构建以私法为主的数据资源持有权请求权规范与责任规则体系。There has been extensive theoretical discussion on the content of data resource ownership rights,but judicial practice has seldom provided responses.This is due to the unclear nature of the rights,ambiguous normative expression,and inaccurate legal application.Data resources encompass public interests,personal interests,and property interests,exhibiting characteristics of diverse rights holders and overlapping objects of rights.In the diachronic dimension of the data value chain,the focus is on the creation and identification of legal relationships concerning individual data rights,while the synchronic dimension emphasizes conflicts and limitations among the external rights of multiple stakeholders.Data resource ownership is fundamentally different from property rights and intellectual property rights,yet it has the potential to evolve into an independent type of right,based on specific actions.Currently,regulations concerning the registration of data resources do not confer rights,and the objects and nature of such registrations remain unclear.For data resource ownership to function as an independent type of right,legislative provisions must be expanded,moving beyond the traditional interpretive framework of anti-unfair competition law.A system of claims and liability rules for data resource ownership should be constructed,primarily within the realm of private law.

关 键 词：数据产权 数据资源持有权 财产权 责任规则 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]