油气单井温室气体甲烷排放特征与量化  

Characteristics and Quantification of Methane Emission from Oil and Gas Production Wells

作　　者：任军平 曹冬冬 宋美华 薛明 江德平 魏莉堃 Ren Junping;Cao Dongdong;Song Meihua;Xue Ming;Jiang Deping;Wei Likun(CNPC Oil&Gas Engineering Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control;CNPC Research Institute of Safety&Environment Technology)

机构地区：[1]中国石油塔里木油田有限公司油气工程研究院 [2]石油石化污染物处理与控制国家重点实验室 [3]中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2024年第5期66-71,共6页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司基础性前瞻性科技专项《油气节能减污降碳协同增效新方法研究》(2023ZZ1302)。

摘　　要：油气生产单井是甲烷重点排放源,对气候变化产生显著影响。文章采用便携式火焰离子检测器(FID)和Hi-Flow大流量仪等设备,对我国某油气田单井甲烷泄漏排放特征进行了研究,明确了组件泄漏率,量化了重点源项排放速率,开展了排放量核算并提出了管控策略建议。结果表明:油气田单井设备组件与管线的甲烷泄漏率为1.9%,压力表、阀门和储罐等在泄漏源项中占比较高;不同类型组件排放速率具有显著差异,储罐甲烷排放速率为4.61~16.73 L/min,单井平均甲烷排放速率为1.43~43.37 L/min。样本单井累计年度甲烷排放量为76085.86 m3,储罐是首要排放源,对总排放量贡献占比为82.66%。Production wells in oil and gas production are significant sources of methane emissions,which have a substantial impact on climate change.This study utilized portable Flame Ionization Detectors(FID)and Hi-Flow meters to investigate the methane leakage emissions characteristics of production wells in a specific oil and gas field in China.The study identified component leakage rates,quantified the emission rates of key sources,performed emission accounting,and proposed control strategy recommendations.The results indicate that the methane leakage rate from equipment components and pipelines in oil and gas field production wells is 1.9%,with pressure gauges,valves,and tanks being major contributors to the leakage sources.Significant differences in emission rates were observed among different types of components,with tank methane emission rates ranging from 4.61 to 16.73 L/min and the average methane emission rate per production well ranging from 1.43 to 43.37 L/min.The cumulative annual methane emission from the sampled production well was 76085.86 m³,with tanks being the primary emission source,contributing 82.66%to the total emissions.

关 键 词：油气 甲烷 排放源 泄漏 排放速率 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]