古汉语语气词“也”在秦地的失落——以出土秦文献材料为例  

The Vanishing of Sentence-Final Particle ye(也)in Ancient Chinese from the Area of Qin:Take Unearthed Literature from Qin as Example

作　　者：刘冰清 LIU Bing-qing

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院/湖南省南方语言文化研究基地,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2024年第4期49-62,127,共15页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：湖南省研究生科研创新项目“基于构式的秦楚简牍语气词研究”(CX20230495)。

摘　　要：古代文献中词频极高的语气词“也”,于今全无孑遗。而其是否全然绝迹,却不可妄下论断。事实上,王洪君(1984:159)认为,明确划定某一语法现象消失的时间,是极为不易的。我们认为,其失落之迹,或受使用频率、所在构式以及方域三重因素影响。过往研究多关注语气词“也”的功能及其演变,曾于“语气词是否单功能”之上出现分歧。本文立足构式语法的相关理论,采取Elizabeth Closs Traugott关于构式的描写方法 :[[F]]←→[[M]]。借助鲜有后人删改之虞的出土秦文献材料,旨在釐清古汉语中句末语气词“也”于秦地失落的过程,为其探因,并进一步探讨口语中孑遗的可能性,进而为重释“古汉语语气词至今全无留存之迹”以及“语气词单功能说”提供全新的理论视角。MI odal particle ye(也),with extremely high frequent use in ancient literature works,yet,it is really hard to find nowadays.And whether it has completely disappeared cannot be judged hastily.In fact,Wang Hongjun(1984:159)believes that,it is extremely difficult to clearly define the time when a certain grammatical phenomenon disappears.We consider the disappearance of ye,probably influenced by frequency of use,syntactic environment or construction and character.Previous studies most focused on the function and evolution of modal particle ye.Divergence arises on the issue of whether modal particles are single functional.Based on construction grammar and relative issues,this paper describes it with Elizabeth Closs Traugott's method:[F]→[M].And with the help of unearthed literature from Qin that are rarely rewritten by later generations,this paper also tries to clarify the vanishing of the sentence-final particle ye in ancient Chinese under the interaction of synchronic and diachronic planes,and to discuss the possibility of modal particle ye exists and spreads in oral Chinese.Still further,the paper also tries to provide a new theoretical perspective for the reinterpretation of the"ancient Chinese modal particles have no trace of preservation to this day"and the"single function theory of modal particles".

关 键 词：上古汉语 语气词 也 失落 构式限义 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]