甲类防控措施下人群碘营养及甲状腺肿病情研究  

Study on iodine nutrition and goiter disease in the population under the category A management

作　　者：张文翠[1] 赵鸿鹏 曹建滨[1] 梁珊珊[1] 于天龙 刘皎珏 李百慧 ZHANG Wencui;ZHAO Hongpeng;CAO Jianbin;LIANG Shanshan;YU Tianlong;LIU Jiaojue;LI Baihui(Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150056,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心地方病预防控制所,黑龙江150056

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2024年第5期365-368,共4页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

基　　金：黑龙江省卫生健康委科研项目(20221212070999)。

摘　　要：目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情甲类防控措施对哈尔滨市居民碘营养状况及碘缺乏病病情的影响,为有针对性开展碘缺乏病健康教育及健康促进提供科学依据。方法通过碘缺乏病监测系统和全民健保系统,笔者收集了哈尔滨市2017—2023年碘缺乏病监测数据,按照疫情前、疫情期间和疫情后三个阶段对盐碘、尿碘及甲状腺肿大数据进行对比分析。结果2017—2023年合格碘盐食用率介于96.91%~98.85%之间,疫情期间合格碘盐食用率97.92%高于疫情前97.32%(P<0.017)。2017—2023年儿童和孕妇尿碘中位数整体呈上升趋势(P<0.002),疫情期间尿碘中位数高于疫情前,其中儿童158.8μg/L>152.3μg/L、孕妇196.3μg/L>192.1μg/L(P<0.017)。儿童中碘缺乏的比例,疫情前(14.6%)明显高于疫情期间(9.0%)和疫情后(8.7%)(P<0.017),孕妇中碘缺乏的比例,疫情前(23.5%)和疫情后(19.0%)明显高于疫情期间(14.1%)(P<0.017)。触诊法和B超法检查显示,疫情前甲状腺肿大率均高于疫情期间和疫情后,其中触诊法0.64%>0.06%、0.02%,B超法1.37%>0.20%、0.22%(P<0.017)。结论疫情甲类防控期间,哈尔滨市居民合格碘盐食用率升高,儿童和孕妇的碘营养水平提高,人群碘缺乏风险降低。Objective To analyze the influence of category A management of COVID-19 on iodine nutrition status and iodine deficiency disorders of residents in Harbin,and to provide scientific basis for targeted health education and health promotion of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods The monitoring data of iodine deficiency disorders in Harbin from 2017 to 2023 were collected through the iodine deficiency disorders monitoring system and the national health protection system,and the data of salt iodine,urine iodine and goiter were compared and analyzed before,during and after the COVID-19 epidemic.Results The qualified iodized salt consumption rate ranged from 96.91%to 98.85%during 2017—2023,and the value(97.92%)during the epidemic was higher than that(97.32%)before the epidemic(P<0.017).The median urinary iodine of children and pregnant women during 2017—2023 showed an overall increasing trend(P<0.002),the median urinary iodine during the epidemic were significantly higher than that before the epidemic,with 158.8μg/L>152.3μg/L in children and 196.3μg/L>192.1μg/L in pregnant women(P<0.017).The proportion of iodine deficiency in children before the epidemic(14.6%)was significantly higher than that during the epidemic(9.0%)and after the epidemic(8.7%)(P<0.017),and the proportion of iodine deficiency in pregnant women before the epidemic(23.5%)and after the epidemic(19.0%)was significantly higher than that during the epidemic(14.1%)(P<0.017).The rates of goiter by palpation and B-ultrasound before the epidemic were higher than those during and after the epidemic,with palpation 0.64%>0.06%,0.02%,B-ultrasound 1.37%>0.20%,0.22%(P<0.017).Conclusion During the category A management of COVID-19 outbreak,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt has increased,and the iodine nutritional status of children and pregnant women have increased,the risk of iodine deficiency in the population has reduced.

关 键 词：甲类防控 儿童 孕妇 碘营养 甲状腺肿大 

分 类 号：R581[医药卫生—内分泌] R591.1[医药卫生—内科学]