在浴火中重生——续论中国古代历史道路模式  

On the Road Pattern of Ancient Chinese History

作　　者：李杰[1] LI Jie(Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan,650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《史学集刊》2024年第6期21-30,共10页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：在秦至清的两千多年里,中国历史走上了一条独特的道路,形成了固定的模式,表现为重建式演变与周期性循环两种运行方式。重建式演变是王朝政权颠覆后再生及王朝灭亡后新生的王朝诞生的现象,由于其在历史的长河中不断重复地发生,因而构成了一种演变的过程。这主要包括平乱式重建、造反式重建、割据式重建、分立式重建和混一式重建五种形式。周期性循环指历史以重复的面貌出现,陷入同一社会形态内政权的治乱兴衰循环上演、在曲折中不断变化的运动状态。中原王朝的更替循环、少数民族政权兴亡的循环、历史时期的治乱循环,是周期性循环的几种表现形式。小农经济的存在是重建式演变、周期性循环运行方式得以发生的基础性原因。小农经济具有极易遭受损害,而又极易得到恢复的两重性,当它遭受损害时王朝就陷入危机,当它得到恢复时王朝则兴盛。宗法制在皇权继承上的遗留,以及权力的滥用所表现出的外戚专权、宦官干政、奸臣弄权等,则是重建式演变、周期性循环发生的直接原因。In the two thousand years from the Qin to the Qing Dynasty,Chinese history has embarked on a unique path and formed a fixed pattern,which is manifested in two modes of operation:reconstructive evolution and cyclical circulation.The former is the phenomenon of the regeneration of dynastic regimes after their overthrow and the birth of new dynasties after their demise,which constitutes an evolutionary process because it has been repeated over and over again in the long course of history.It mainly consists of several forms of reconstruction by pacification,rebellion,division,separation and integration.The cyclical circulation refers to the appearance of history in a repeating state of motion from the beginning to the end and from the end back to the beginning.The succession cycle of the Central Plains dynasties,the cycle of the rise and fall of the nomadic dynasties,and the cycle of governance and disorder in historical periods are several manifestations of the periodic cycle.The existence of small-scale peasant economy is the fundamental reason for the reconstructive evolution and the cyclical circulation operation mode.The small peasant economy has a duality that is easy to be damaged and easy to be restored.When it is damaged,the dynasty will fall into crisis,and when it is restored,the dynasty will flourish.The legacy of the patriarchal system in the succession of imperial power,to the extent that it is difficult to choose competent emperors,as well as the abuse of power manifested by the dictatorship of the relative of an emperor on the side of his mother or wife,the interference of eunuchs,and the manipulation of power by treacherous ministers are the direct causes of the reconstructive evolution and the occurrence of cyclical circulation.

关 键 词：小农经济 重建式演变 周期性循环 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]