戴高乐时期美国对法政策中的联盟孤立策略(1958—1969)  

The Tactic of Alliance Isolation in U.S.Policy toward France during the de Gaulle Era,1958-1969

作　　者：刘守旭 徐萍[1] LIU Shou-xu;XU Ping(School of the Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学集刊》2024年第6期31-46,129,共17页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：1958—1969年戴高乐第二次执政时期,戴高乐主义兴起并付诸实践,美法关系纠纷不断,其核心在于美国是否承认法国的大国地位,以及在美苏对抗中欧洲扮演何种角色。这一时期的美法关系经历了相互试探、激烈对抗与冷却缓和三个阶段,艾森豪威尔、肯尼迪与约翰逊的行事风格虽存在差异,但对法政策具有连贯性,突出特点是运用联盟孤立策略,包括对法克制政策、分化盟国关系和强化联盟控制三个方面。最终,美国在联盟框架内架空戴高乐主义,控制了美法冲突的范围与烈度。但从长远看,戴高乐主义源于美欧关系的内在张力,不同版本的戴高乐主义追求战略自主的尝试,与美国约束盟国的措施之间存在长期对抗的趋势。During the second period of de Gaulle's domination from 1958 to 1969,Gaullism arose and was put into practice,the relations between the U.S.and France were in constant disputes,the core of which was whether the U.S.recognized France's status as a great power and what role Europe played in the confrontation between the U.S.and the Soviet Union.During this period,the relations between the U.S.and France went through three stages of mutual detection,fierce confrontation and apathy.The administrations of Eisenhower,Kennedy and Johnson have different styles of action,but their policies toward France are consistent.The prominent feature is the tactic of alliance isolation,including the policy of restraint against France,the division of allied relations and the strengthening of alliance control.In the end,the U.S.emptied Gaullism within the framework of the alliance,controlled the scope and intensity of the conflict between the U.S.and France.However,in the long run,Gaullism originated from the internal tension in U.S.-European relations,and there was a trend of long-term confrontations between various Gaullism's attempts to pursue strategic autonomy and American measures to restrain the allies.

关 键 词：联盟孤立 戴高乐主义 美国外交 大西洋联盟 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学] D856.5[历史地理—世界史] D871.2[政治法律—政治学]