小海子灌区“干播湿出”棉田土壤水盐动态特征  

Dynamic characteristics of soil water and salt in cotton field of“dry sowing and wet seedling”in Xiaohaizi irrigation district

作　　者：刘恒宇 周博涵 杨宏龙 刘欣羽 侯振安[1] LIU Hengyu;ZHOU Bohan;YANG Honglong;LIU Xinyu;HOU Zhenan(College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期560-568,共9页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团农业攻关项目(2023AA303)。

摘　　要：本文通过对“干播湿出”棉田土壤水盐和浅层地下水的动态监测,明确土壤盐分的分布和积累特征,为“干播湿出”技术在南疆的推广应用提供依据。在兵团第三师图木舒克市小海子灌区,开展滴灌“干播湿出”棉田土壤盐渍化状况调查,并选取不同盐渍化程度(非盐渍化、轻度、中度、重度盐渍化)“干播湿出”棉田进行土壤水盐和地下水的动态监测。结果表明:(1)灌区“干播湿出”棉田盐渍化土壤占98.1%;其中轻度盐渍化占15.3%,中度盐渍化占40.5%,重度盐渍化占39.2%,盐土占3.1%。灌区81.6%的棉田地下水埋深小于3 m。(2)与播种前相比,轻度、中度和重度盐渍化“干播湿出”棉田收获后,0~20 cm土壤盐分分别降低38.4%、40.8%和51.1%,20~40 cm土壤盐分降低39.3%、36.4%和47.6%。非盐渍化和轻度盐渍化土壤盐分主要分布在60~80 cm土层,中度和重度盐渍化土壤盐分主要积累在20~40 cm。(3)不同深度土层(0~100 cm)的土壤含盐量均与地下水埋深存在显著的负相关关系。收获后,仅重度盐渍化棉田地下水埋深处于3 m以内。因此,棉田地下水埋深与土壤盐渍化程度密切相关,地下水埋深越浅土壤盐渍化越重;滴灌“干播湿出”显著降低盐渍化棉田耕层土壤含盐量,尤其是中度和重度盐渍化棉田。0~100 cm土壤盐分随地下水埋深的增加而降低。The distribution and accumulation characteristics of soil salinity in"dry sowing and wet seedling"cotton field were determined through the dynamic monitoring of soil water and salt and shallow groundwater.This study can provide a basis for the application of"dry sowing and wet seedling"technology in southern Xinjiang.Investigate soil salinization of cotton field under drip irrigation in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District of Tumushuke City.Soil water and salt,groundwater depth were monitored across fields with varying degrees of salinization(non-salinized,low,medium,and high salinization)based on the findings.(1)Salinized soil in cotton fields with“dry sowing and wet seedling”constituted for 98.1%;Within this,low salinization accounted for 15.3%,medium salinization accounted for 40.5%,high salinization accounted for 39.2%,and salt soil accounted for 3.1%.The groundwater depth of 81.6%cotton fields in irrigation area is less than 3 m.(2)Compared to pre-sowing conditions,soil salinity at depths of 0~20 cm decreased by 38.4%,40.8%and 51.1%,respectively,and at 20~40 cm,it reduced by 39.3%,36.4%and 47.6%after harvesting in low,medium and high salinized cotton fields.The salt in non-salinized and low salinized soil is mainly distributed in 60~80 cm soil layer,while the salt in medium and high salinized soil is mainly accumulated in 20~40 cm soil layer.(3)A significant negative correlation was observed between soil salt content and groundwater depth across various depths(0~100 cm).After harvest,only the groundwater depth in the high salinized cotton field was less than 3 m.Groundwater depth in cotton fields is closely linked to the degree of soil salinization,shallower groundwater correlates with more severe salinization.The"dry sowing and wet seedling"of drip irrigation can significantly reduce the soil salt content in the topsoil of salinized cotton fields,especially in medium and high salinized cotton fields.Soil salinity of 0~100 cm decreased with the increase of groundwater depth.

关 键 词：“干播湿出” 土壤水盐分布 地下水埋深 土壤水盐运移 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]