民法典法律行为违法无效条款的动态系统论解释  

On the Interpretation of Illegal Invalid Article for a Civil Juristic Act in the Civil Code from the Perspective of Dynamic System Theory

作　　者：耿卓 王洪广 Geng Zhuo;Wang Hongguang(School of Law,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510420)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2024年第6期36-45,共10页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：《民法典》第一百五十三条第一款中的强制性规定缺乏识别标准,司法解释以效力性和管理性二分的方法构建解释规则又陷入了如何分辨强制性规定的管理性和效力性思维误区,并未探明民事法律行为违法无效的根本原因且法理支撑不足。强制性规定对民事法律行为效力的否定难以在立法或司法解释中事先明定,只有在个案中才能明确。动态系统论以弹性要素修正了概念化的构成要件,为法官的自由裁量提供了空间,回应了强制性规定否定民事法律行为效力的个案判断特点。以动态系统论为指导的违法无效条款解释方案,可以在与法治建设内在互动的社会主义核心价值观这一法律化基本价值场域中提取动态解释要素——以强制性规定规范目的实现的受限程度为首位要素、具体民事利益受法律保护的必要性为次位要素、民事法律行为无效评价的社会效果为后位要素,通过衡量各要素的权重和要素之间补足、对抗的整体效果来判定民事法律行为的效力。对违法无效条款的这一概括性立法予以动态性解释的规范进路由此得以形成,司法裁判的妥当性也通过以自由裁量权为依凭的司法能动性得以实现。The mandatory provisions in Article 153(1) of the Civil Code lack identification criteria,and the judicial interpretation constructs the interpretation rules by the method of the dichotomy between effectiveness and management,which has fallen into the thinking error of how to distinguish the management and effectiveness of mandatory provisions.The fundamental reasons for the illegal invalidity of a civil legal act have not been ascertained,and the support of legal theory is insufficient.The negation of the effectiveness of civil juristic acts by mandatory provisions is difficult to specify in advance in legislation or judicial interpretations,and can only be clarified in individual cases.The dynamic system theory modifies the conceptualized constituent elements with elastic elements,providing space for judges' discretion and responding to the individual judgment characteristics of mandatory provisions denying the effectiveness of juristic acts.The interpretation scheme of illegal invalid clauses guided by dynamic system theory can extract dynamic interpretation elements from the legal basic value field of the socialist core values that intrinsically interact with the construction of the rule of law:taking the degree of restriction in achieving the purpose of mandatory regulations as the primary element,the necessity of specific civil interests being protected by law as the secondary element,and the social effect of the invalidity evaluating of civil juristic acts as the latter element.The effectiveness of civil juristic acts is judged by measuring the weight of each element and the overall effect of complementarity and confrontation between these elements.In this way,the normative approach of dynamically interpreting the general legislation of illegal invalid clauses has been formed,and the appropriateness of judicial rulings has also been achieved through judicial initiative based on discretionary power.

关 键 词：法律行为违法无效 强制性规定 动态系统论 社会主义核心价值观 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]