铝矿区复垦土地重金属富集特征以及污染研究  

Study on Heavy Metal Enrichment and Pollution in Reclaimed Land

作　　者：王亚捷 李杰锋 WANG Yajie;LI Jiefeng(Department of Biological and Food Engineering,Lyuliang University,Lyuliang 03300l,Shanxi,China;Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Lyuliang University,Lyuliang 03300l,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]吕梁学院生物与食品工程系,山西吕梁033001 [2]吕梁学院建筑与土木工程系,山西吕梁033001

出　　处：《矿产综合利用》2024年第5期197-203,共7页Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：吕梁市社会发展领域重点研发项目(2023SHFZ24);2024年度山西省高等学校科技创新项目(半干旱地区酸雨影响下土壤中Cd、Pb、As、Cr四种金属溶出特性与机理研究)。

摘　　要：这是一篇矿山生态修复领域的论文。铝土矿区土壤重金属特征对于土地复垦方式优选具有重要意义。以山西铝土矿复垦区土壤为研究对象。采用五步提取法对深部和浅部复垦区土壤重金属含量特征进行了提取测量研究。研究结果表明,深部和浅部两种复垦方式土壤中重金属含量存在较大差别,深部复垦区整体高于浅部复垦区,重金属Zn的含量是浅部复垦区土壤中的5.93倍,深部复垦区中重金属Zn对土壤的污染最为严重,其次为Ni,浅部复垦区中重金属含量明显低于其标准值,未超过标准中规定的最低限制值;深部复垦区土壤Zn的变异系数最大,达到62.58%,重金属Zn的含量受外界影响较大,浅部复垦区中重金属Cr和Zn的变异系数分别为37.85%和31.06%,受外界影响一般;深部和浅部复垦区土壤中重金属Pb的RSP值最大,对环境影响最大,其他三种重金属无污染;铝土矿废石中重金属Zn、Pb含量随粒度的增大而减少,对于周围土壤具有显著积累及运移,其复垦对环境产生一定的影响。This is an article in the field of ecological restoration of mines.The characteristics of soil heavy metals in bauxite mining areas are of great significance for the optimization of land reclamation methods.Taking the soil of Shanxi bauxite reclamation area as the research object,a five-step extraction method was used to extract and measure the characteristics of soil heavy metal content in deep and shallow reclamation areas.The results show that there is a big difference in the content of heavy metals in the soil of the deep and shallow reclamation methods.The deep reclamation area is generally higher than the shallow reclamation area,and the content of heavy metal Zn is 5.93 times than that of the shallow reclamation area,the heavy metal Zn in the deep reclamation area has the most serious pollution to the soil,followed by Ni,the heavy metal content in the shallow reclamation area is obviously lower than its standard value,and does not exceed the minimum limit value specified in the standard.The coefficient of variation of soil Zn in the deep reclamation area is the largest,reaching 62.58%,and the content of heavy metal Zn is greatly affected by the outside world.The RSP value of the heavy metal Pb in the soil of the deep and shallow reclamation areas is the largest,which has the greatest impact on the environment,and the other three heavy metals have no pollution.The content of heavy metals Zn and Pb in the bauxite waste rock decreases with the increase of particle size,which has a significant accumulation and migration to the surrounding soil,and its reclamation has a certain impact on the environment.

关 键 词：金属矿山 重金属 土壤污染 复垦区 形态分布 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]