从软物质到拓扑力学超材料  

From soft matter to topological mechanical metamaterials

作　　者：李锋 汤正 马方垣 周迪 LI Feng;TANG Zheng;MA Fang-Yuan;ZHOU Di(Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement(MOE),School of Physics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学物理学院先进光电量子结构设计与测量教育部重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《物理》2024年第10期673-682,共10页Physics

摘　　要：软物质是物理学、化学和生物学的重要研究对象。在软物质中,等静定系统恰好处在力学稳定和非稳定的边缘,展现出丰富的物理性质,普遍存在于自然界和工程领域,如颗粒物质、细胞骨架纤维和软体机器人等。等静定系统展现出独特的力学性能极化现象,一侧因力学软模而展现出柔软性,另一侧则在自应力作用下异常坚硬,这种奇特的表面性质具有拓扑稳定性,对材料内部缺陷及外部破坏不敏感,为力学材料的创新设计提供了新视角,催生了“软物质拓扑力学”这一前沿领域。文章基于软物质的基本概念,融合拓扑能带理论,聚焦于力学超材料,讨论了软物质拓扑力学的发展历程及最新研究进展。Soft matter is a crucial area of research in physics,chemistry,and biology.Among these systems,isostatic systems are particularly intriguing as they lie on the verge of mechanical stability and instability,exhibiting a variety of fascinating properties.These systems are ubiquitous in nature and engineering,such as in granular materials,cytoskeletal fibers,and soft robotic metamaterials.Isostatic systems display highly polarized surface mechanics:the surface hosting mechanical floppy modes exhibits softness,while the opposite boundary,hosting states of self-stress,is as rigid as the inner body.Furthermore,this polarized surface elasticity is insensitive to disorder and randomness,demonstrating topological robustness.This gives rise to the burgeoning field of“topological mechanics”.By integrating the fundamental concepts of soft matter,topological band theory,and mechanical metamaterials,this paper reviews the development and latest progress in topological mechanics.

关 键 词：软物质 力学软模 拓扑 力学超材料 

分 类 号：O189[理学—数学]