基于改进输出系数模型的小流域污染负荷精细化计算  

Refined Calculation of Pollution Loads in Minor Watersheds Based on Improved Output Coefficient Modeling

作　　者：张婉萍 郭明昆 何鹏 刘彦 高东东 任兴念 石娟 ZHANG Wan-ping;GUO Ming-kun;HE Peng;LIU Yan;GAO Dong-dong;REN Xing-nian;SHI Juan(Sichuan Province Environmental Protection Technology&Engineering Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610064,China;Sichuan Academy of Ecological Environment Science,Chengdu 610041,China;Faculty of Geoscience&Environmental Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省环保科技工程有限责任公司,成都610064 [2]四川省生态环境科学研究院,成都610041 [3]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《四川环境》2024年第5期43-50,共8页Sichuan Environment

基　　金：跨界小流域农业面源污染防治技术研究;四川省生态环境厅重点科研课题项目(N5100012022002898)。

摘　　要：精细化计算小流域污染负荷,对管理和改善流域水环境质量具有重要意义。以琼江一级支流姚市河作为研究对象,综合考虑小流域广域、分散和随机的特点,结合地理信息以及统计学多种学科,采用多尺度技术(行政、网格)对研究区域非点源污染负荷进行修正,建立小流域污染负荷估算改进方法,以期为小流域污染负荷精细化计算提供参考。研究结果表明:(1)改进前COD、NH_(3)-N、TP污染负荷最大值分别为848.95 t/a、136.32 t/a、19.95 t/a,分别占全流域COD、NH_(3)-N、TP总污染负荷的48.10%、70.81%、52.31%,污染负荷估算结果偏大。(2)改进后研究区域网格尺度COD、NH_(3)-N、TP总污染负荷最大值分别为24.44 t/a、2.91 t/a和1.18 t/a,从空间上看,COD、NH_(3)-N、TP污染负荷较大的区域位于研究区域县城边界、靠近水域和集中种植区域。(3)研究区域TP污染负荷强度最大,COD污染负荷强度最小,COD、NH_(3)-N和TP具有相似的污染负荷强度空间分布特征,在以耕地为主的区域污染负荷强度较高,以林地、草地和建设用地为主的区域污染负荷强度较低。研究提出的小流域污染负荷精细化计算模型,不仅能够充分反映小流域污染状况,也为流域水环境质量管理提供了依据。Refined calculation of pollution loads in minor watersheds is important for managing and improving the quality of water environments in watersheds.This paper took the primary tributary of Qiongjiang River as the research object.After taking into account the characteristics of minor watersheds which are wide⁃area,decentralized and stochastic,and combining various disciplines of geographic information as well as statistics,multiscale techniques(administrative and grid)are used in this paper to correct the nonpoint source pollution load in the study area and an improved method of estimatingpollution loads in minor watersheds was established,to provide references to fine calculation of pollution loads in minor watersheds.The results of the study show that:(1)the maximum values of COD,NH_(3)⁃N and TP pollution loads before improvement were 848.95 t/a,136.32 t/a and 19.95 t/a respectively,accounting for 48.10%,70.81%and 52.31%of the total pollution loads of COD,NH_(3)⁃N and TP in the whole watershed,and the estimated pollution loads were too high.(2)The maximum total pollution loads of grid⁃scale COD,NH_(3)⁃N,and TP in the improved study area were 24.44 t/a,2.91 t/a,and 1.18 t/a,respectively,and spatially,the areas with greater pollution loads of COD,NH_(3)⁃N,and TP were located at the county boundary of the study area,close to the watersheds,and in the concentrated planting areas.(3)TP pollution load intensity was the highest and COD pollution load intensity was the lowest in the study area.COD,NH_(3)⁃N and TP had similar spatial distribution characteristics of pollution load intensity,which was higher in areas dominated by arable land,and lower in areas dominated by forest land,grassland and construction land.Therefore,the refined calculation model of pollution load in minor watersheds proposed in the study not only can fully reflect the pollution status of minor watersheds,but also provides a basis for the management of water environment quality in the watersheds.

关 键 词：改进输出系数模型 污染负荷 GIS 多元线性回归模型 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]