厨余垃圾厌氧消化过程的生命周期评价:以湖南省娄底市为例  

Life Cycle Assessment of Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste:Taking Loudi City in Hunan Province as an Example

作　　者：李帅 李晓东[2] 夏声鹏 管冬辉 赵坤[1] LI Shuai;LI Xiaodong;XIA Shengpeng;GUAN Donghui;ZHAO Kun;†(Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Environmental Science&Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州能源研究所,广州510640 [2]湖南大学环境科学与工程学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《新能源进展》2024年第5期511-519,共9页Advances in New and Renewable Energy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC1910401)。

摘　　要：选取湖南省娄底市厨余垃圾处置过程为研究对象,基于生命周期评价方法分析处置过程各个环节对环境和能源的影响,解析各功能单元的环境影响贡献,并结合经济性分析提出优化方案。结果表明,厨余垃圾处置过程对环境酸化潜值、人体毒性和水生生态毒性、富营养化和陆地生态毒性等方面具有一定程度的负面影响,主要是由于污水净化阶段带来的负面效应,处置过程中的非生物资源消耗主要源于污水净化过程中所使用的碱性物质和运输转运过程中的化石能源消耗,而沼气利用过程所产生的收益则可在一定程度上抵消对环境产生的负面影响。与沼渣焚烧工艺相对比,沼渣堆肥工艺的碳排放降低了54%,其他废气排放降低了76%,同时可增加11 827 t有机肥,具有明显的环境优势和副产物优势。结合经济性分析,可从减少能耗、增加沼气产气率、回收粗油和沼渣等副产品方面着手,尽可能提高厨余垃圾处置过程的环境效益和经济效益。The food waste disposal process in Loudi City,Hunan Province,was selected as the research object,based on the life cycle assessment method,to analyze the impacts of each link of the disposal process on the environment and energy,to analyze the contribution of each functional unit to the environmental impacts,and to combine with the economic analysis to put forward optimization schemes.The results show that the food waste disposal process has a certain degree of negative impact on environmental acidification potential,human toxicity and aquatic ecotoxicity,eutrophication,and terrestrial ecotoxicity,mainly due to the negative effects of the sewage purification stage.The consumption of abiotic resources in the disposal process mainly stems from the alkaline substances used in the sewage purification process and fossil energy consumption in the transportation and transshipment process.The negative environmental impacts can be offset to some extent by the revenues generated by the biogas utilization process.Compared with the digestate incineration process,the digestate composting process reduces carbon emissions by 54%and other emissions by 76%while adding 11827 t of organic fertilizer,with obvious environmental and by-product advantages.As shown in the economic analysis,the environmental and financial benefits of the food waste disposal process can be improved as much as possible by reducing energy consumption,increasing the biogas production rate,and recovering the by-products such as crude oil and digestate.

关 键 词：厨余垃圾 生命周期评价 碳排放 无害化处置 资源化利用 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能] X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]