母树年龄和复幼对锥栗插穗生理及不定根发生的影响  

Influence of mother tree age and rejuvenation on the physiology and adventitious root occurrence of Castanea henryi scions

作　　者：蒲垚 李颖 王涛[1,2] 余思远 邹锋[1,2] 袁德义 熊欢 PU Yao;LI Ying;WANG Tao;YU Siyuan;ZOU Feng;YUAN Deyi;XIONG Huan(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Forestry Cultivation Laboratory,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学森林培育实验室,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2024年第9期38-49,共12页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32001309);中央财政林业科技推广项目([2021]XT01);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(21B0266)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨母树年龄及基部促萌复幼对锥栗Castanea henryi半木质化嫩枝扦插生根的影响,从生理水平和解剖结构特征解析其可能原因,为锥栗扦插繁殖提供理论和实践指导依据。【方法】对2年生和8年生锥栗母树分别进行基部截干促萌复幼处理,以当年生半木质化的新枝为试材,以不截干枝条为对照,分别于扦插后0、7、14 d取插穗基部,通过制作石蜡切片对插穗生根部位进行解剖观察,测定可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、木质素含量、氧化酶活性、激素水平的动态变化,并于扦插后60 d统计各处理的扦插生根率和生根数量。【结果】1)扦插14 d后,可见2年生锥栗插穗有不定根长出,8年生锥栗插穗基部有白色突起。2)母树年龄越大,扦插生根率越低,且基部促萌复幼对锥栗插穗不定根的影响不显著(P>0.05)。2 a对照、2 a复幼的生根率(68.0%、70.0%)和每插穗不定根数量(11.3、10.6)显著高于8 a对照和8 a复幼的生根率(3.2%、4.4%)和每插穗不定根数量(3.2、2.9)(P<0.05)。3)8 a插穗木质素含量在不定根发生过程中显著高于2 a插穗(P<0.05),且复幼不能降低插穗木质素含量。扦插7 d后8 a插穗的可溶性蛋白含量在对照和复幼处理中均显著低于2 a插穗(P<0.05)。4)在不定根发生过程中,IAAO酶活性在不同年龄和复幼插穗间差异均不显著(P>0.05);8 a插穗的IAA水平显著高于2 a插穗(P<0.05)。扦插7 d后,2 a锥栗插穗的SOD显著高于8 a锥栗插穗(P<0.05),8 a插穗的GA3含量显著高于2 a插穗(P<0.05)。【结论】母树年龄是影响锥栗插穗不定根发生的主要要素,单纯基部平茬促萌复幼措施可能不适宜被用来提高锥栗成年插穗的不定根发生率。调控木质素的合成和代谢途径可能是提高锥栗成年插穗不定根发生的关键。【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of mother tree age and basal rejuvenation on the semi-lignified softwood cutting rooting of Castanea henryi,and analyze the possible reasons from physiological and anatomical characteristics aspects,providing theoretical and practical guidance for C.henryi propagation by cutting.【Method】Basal rejuvenation treatments were carried out on 2-year-old and 8-year-old C.henryi mother trees,with the new semi-lignified branches as the experimental material,and branches from non-rejuvenated trees as the control.The basal portions of the cuttings were taken at 0 d,7 d,and 14 d after cutting,and the anatomical observed by making paraffin sections.The dynamic changes of soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,lignin content,enzyme activity,and hormone levels were measured,and the rooting rate and number of roots were calculated after cutting 60 days.【Result】1)After cutting 14 days,adventitious roots were observed on the cuttings of 2-year-old C.henryi,while white protrusions appeared at the base of the cuttings of 8-year-old C.henryi.2)The older the mother tree,the lower the rooting rate,and basal rejuvenation had no significant effect on the adventitious root formation of C.henryi cuttings(P>0.05).The rooting rates(68.0%,70.0%)and the number of adventitious roots per cutting(11.3,10.6)from 2-year-old control and its rejuvenated cuttings were significantly higher than those of 8-year-old control and its rejuvenated cuttings(3.2%,4.4%)and the number of adventitious roots per cutting(3.2,2.9)(P<0.05).3)The lignin content of 8-year-old cuttings was significantly higher than that of 2-year-old cuttings during the adventitious root formation(P<0.05),and rejuvenation did not reduce the lignin content of the cuttings.At 7 days,the soluble protein content of 8-year-old cuttings was significantly lower than that of 2-year-old cuttings in both control and rejuvenation treatments(P<0.05).4)During the adventitious root formation process,the IAAO enzyme activity did n

关 键 词：母树年龄 复幼 不定根发生 锥栗 

分 类 号：S723.132.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]