杉木育种群体遗传多样性评价及核心种质构建  

The evaluation of the genetic diversity of breeding populations and construction of a core collection of Cunninghamia lanceolata

作　　者：张勰[1,2] 伍汉斌 程勇 张春艳[4] 王欣 蒋宏春 张森强 段爱国 ZHANG Xie;WU Hanbin;CHENG Yong;ZHANG Chunyan;WANG Xin;JIANG Hongchun;ZHANG Senqiang;DUAN Aiguo(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;School of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Central South Survey,Planning and Design Institute,Changsha 410007,Hunan,China;Guangping State owned Forest Farm in Huitong County,Huitong 418307,Hunan,China;Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [3]中南调查规划设计院,湖南长沙410007 [4]会同县广坪国有林场,湖南会同418307 [5]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2024年第9期118-126,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2200201);湖南省林业科技攻关与创新项目(XLKJ202301)。

摘　　要：【目的】评价湖南省杉木不同世代育种群体遗传多样性及其变化动态,构建核心种质,旨在为湖南省杉木下一轮遗传改良及种质利用提供理论依据和材料支撑。【方法】利用21对能获得多态性SSR引物对3个不同世代杉木育种群体中的137份样本进行PCR扩增,采用Gene Marker软件进行基因分型,利用GenAlex软件估算群体遗传参数、检测Hardy-Weinberg平衡并进行分子方差分析,利用GENEPOP软件估算无效等位基因频率,利用FSTAT软件评估成对育种群体间的遗传距离,利用STRUCTURE软件分析群体遗传结构,利用Darwin软件构建邻接系统发育树,利用Core-hunter软件构建核心种质,采用t检验和主坐标分析法验证核心种质的有效性和代表性。【结果】湖南省杉木整个育种群体(HO=0.541,HE=0.630)遗传多样性丰富,3个不同世代的育种群体均表现为杂合体缺失,显著或极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡;整个育种群体中的种质可聚为2大类群,种质间普遍存在亲缘关系;不同世代育种群体间遗传分化较小(FST为0.010~0.014);以40%的抽样比例构建核心种质,同源性为14.55%,等位基因覆盖度为100%,群体遗传参数与整个育种群体差异不显著,核心种质在所有种质的主坐标中均匀分布。【结论】湖南省杉木多世代遗传改良策略科学合理,各世代育种群体遗传多样性较高,育种群体遗传多样性并没有因遗传改良进程而下降。构建的55份核心种质保留了整个育种群体全部等位基因,有效地限制了同源性,符合生物核心种质的构建要求,可为湖南省杉木种质创新、资源高效利用及高世代种子园建设提供优异的种质材料。【Objective】A core collection of germplasm construction and assessing on the dynamic evolution of genetic diversity over generations of Chinese fir was studied in Hunan province in order to provide theoretical basis and material support for the next generation genetic improvement and germplasm utilization.【Method】A total of 137 samples from 3 different generations of Chinese fir breeding population were displayed substantial genetic diversity analyzed by PCR with 21 polymorphic SSR primers.The Gene Marker software was used for genotyping,and GenAlex software was employed to estimate population genetic parameters,assess Hardy-Weinberg balance,and execute molecular variance analysis,GENEPOP software for frequency of invalid alleles estimation;FSTAT software for genetic distance evaluation between pairs of breeding populations;STRUCTURE software for genetic structure of populations analysis;Darwin software for Neighbor-Joining(NJ)phylogeny construction;and Core-hunter software for construction of core collection;and t-test and principal coordinates analysis(PCoA)were used to verify the validity and representativeness of the core collection.【Result】The whole breeding populations of Hunan province Chinese fir displayed substantial genetic diversity(HO=0.541,HE=0.630),and three breeding populations of different generations showed heterozygotes loss,which highly significant difference or significantly difference deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium;the germplasm in the whole breeding population was clustered into two groups,genetic relationships exist among the collection;genetic differentiation among different breeding populations was minimal(FST between 0.01 and 0.014),the core collection constructed with 40% sampling ratio had 14.55% homology and 100% allelic coverage,the genetic parameters of the population were not significantly different from that of the whole breeding population,and the core collection are evenly distributed in the principal coordinates of reserved collection.【Conclusion】The mu

关 键 词：杉木 育种群体 SSR标记 遗传多样性 核心种质 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]