气幕均匀性影响因素及其隔尘效果研究  

Research on Factors Influencing the Uniformity of Air Curtain and Its Dust Isolation Effect

作　　者：王佩[1,3] 蒋仲安 陈建武[3] 王慧[2] WANG Pei;JIANG Zhongan;CHEN Jianwu;WANG Hui(School of Management and Engineering,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;School of Civil and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Occupational Health,China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学管理工程学院,北京100070 [2]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [3]中国安全生产科学研究院职业危害所,北京100012

出　　处：《防灾减灾工程学报》2024年第5期1000-1010,共11页Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51874016);北京市教育委员会科研计划项目(KM202310038002)资助。

摘　　要：近年来,空气幕作为一种有效隔绝易于扩散粉尘的装置,被频繁地用于矿山、隧道施工过程中产尘较多的场所,而均匀的气幕会带来更佳的隔尘效果。运用Fluent数值模拟结合相似实验的方法分析了气幕直径和气幕内部风道结构变化对气幕均匀性的影响,并将设计后可以均匀供风的气幕安装在实际施工隧道模型中模拟分析其隔尘效果。结果表明:直径增加,供风装置内气流轴向惯性力降低,有充足的时间改变流出方向,气幕装置轴向静压更加均匀,形成气幕更加均匀,但直径的变化对气幕均匀性的影响不是线性变化的,即存在一个临界直径使直径继续增加对均匀性的改善效果不明显,并且气幕临近直径的范围会随供风装置长度的增加而增加;在长度1 m、临界直径180 mm的气幕装置基础上,依据风道设计原理安装计算出的弧高为149.9 mm的楔形扇面阻体后,气幕装置内部平均压力梯度从38.4 Pa/m降低到19.3 Pa/m,出口风速均匀度从87.6%提高到93.2%,气幕均匀性显著提升;安装气幕后,隔尘区域内回弹的含尘气流被阻隔,区域内风流变得混乱复杂、涡流增加,粉尘停留时间增加,相对较大的粉尘颗粒有更长的时间沉降。整个隔尘区域粉尘浓度明显升高,气幕隔尘效果显著。In recent years,air curtains,as an effective device to isolate diffused dust,are frequently used in dust-prone environments,such as mining and tunneling construction.A more uniform air curtain provides better dust isolation.Fluent numerical simulation,combined with similar experimental methods,was used to analyze the effects of air curtain diameter and internal air duct structure on air curtain uniformity.A uniformly designed air curtain was installed in a tunnel construction model to simulate and evaluate its dust isolation efficiency.The results showed that as the diameter increased,the axial inertial force of airflow within the supply system decreased,allowing sufficient time for the flow direction to change.Meanwhile,the axial static pressure of the air curtain device became more uniform,forming a more homogeneous air curtain.However,the relationship between diameter and air curtain uniformity was nonlinear,with a critical diameter beyond which further increases had minimal effect on uniformity.Additionally,the effective range of diameters increased with the length of the air supply device.In a 1-meter air curtain system with a critical diameter of 180mm,the installation of a wedge-shaped fan-shaped blocking body with an arc height of 149.9mm,calculated according to air duct design principles,reduced the average pressure gradient inside the air curtain device from 38.4Pa/m to 19.3Pa/m,while the uniformity of the exit airflow increased from 87.6%to 93.2%,significantly enhancing air curtain uniformity.Finally,after installing the air curtain,the rebound of dust-bound airflow in the isolated area was blocked,leading to more chaotic airflow with increased turbulence.This prolonged the dust retention time,allowing larger dust particles more time to settle.The dust concentration in the whole dust isolation area increased significantly,demonstrating the air curtain's effective dust isolation performance.

关 键 词：空气幕 职业健康 隔绝粉尘 均匀分布 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X964[环境科学与工程—安全科学]