疲劳对操纵员监视行为影响机制的脑电试验  

Effects of fatigue on operator monitoring behavior based on EEG experiments

作　　者：张勉 易灿南[2] 蒋复量 胡鸿[2] 吴文 张思佳 ZHANG Mian;YI Cannan;JIANG Fuliang;HU Hong;WU Wen;ZHANG Sijia(School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang Hunan 421001,China;School of Safety and Management Engineering,Hunan Institute of Technology,Hengyang Hunan 421002,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]湖南工学院安全与管理工程学院,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第9期50-58,共9页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202211528009);湖南工学院省级应用特色学科安全科学与工程开放基金资助(KFB22028,KFB22029);湖南省教育厅项目(21C0811)。

摘　　要：为优化操纵员疲劳风险管理,降低疲劳对操纵员作业绩效的影响,完成疲劳诱发前后的监视任务,首先,以某压水堆核电厂数字化主控室为背景,设计2-back范式的疲劳诱发任务和oddball范式的监视任务,并以低、中、高3种复杂度的控制界面为素材;然后,采集23名被试的主观疲劳评分、行为数据和脑电(EEG)信号,用相关疲劳指标验证疲劳诱发的有效性;最后,对比分析疲劳诱发前后3种不同复杂度界面下被试的行为数据、事件相关电位P3成分的差异性。结果表明:最短30 min、最长60 min的2-back任务能够诱发疲劳;疲劳或界面复杂度增加都会导致监视行为的绩效水平下降,疲劳状态下高复杂度界面与中复杂度界面之间的绩效水平差异最大;其中,正确率下降4.9%,反应时增加10.4%;P3潜伏期的变化趋势与反应时一致,P3波幅仅在高复杂度界面下显著增大。结合绩效数据和事件相关电位数据变化特征分析表明:界面复杂度的提高会加深疲劳对操纵员脑力负荷的负面影响。To optimize operator fatigue risk management and reduce the impact of fatigue on operator performance,the monitoring tasks before and after fatigue induction were conducted.Firstly,the fatigue-inducing task of the 2-back paradigm and the monitoring task of the oddball paradigm were designed with the digital main control room of a pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant,and the control interfaces of low,medium,and high complexity were used.Then,human trials with 23 participants were performed to obtain subjective fatigue ratings,behavioral data,and EEG signals.Moreover,the effectiveness of fatigue induction was verified using relevant fatigue indicators.Finally,the participator's behavioral data and event-related potential P3 components under three different complexity interfaces before and after fatigue induction were analyzed.The results showed that the shortest 2-back task lasting 30 to 60 min induced fatigue.Fatigue or interface complexity increase resulted in a decrease in the monitoring behavior performance,and the maximum performance difference was observed between high-complexity and medium-complexity interfaces under fatigue conditions.Moreover,a 4.9% decrease in accuracy and a 10.4% increase in reaction time were observed.The trend of P3 latency was consistent with that of reaction time,and P3 amplitude increased significantly only under high-complexity interfaces.Based on the performance analysis and event-related potential data,it was concluded that the interface complexity increased the negative impact of fatigue on operators'mental workload.

关 键 词：疲劳 操纵员 监视行为 脑电(EEG) 界面复杂度 

分 类 号：X945[环境科学与工程—安全科学]