森林环境文物建筑集中区域灭火救援能力评估  

Assessment of firefighting and rescue capacity in concentrated area of built heritage in forest environments

作　　者：颜龙[1] 李琪 郑佳欣 徐志胜[1] 刘顶立 YAN Long;LI Qi;ZHENG Jiaxin;XU Zhisheng;LIU Dingli(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China;School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha Hunan 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第9期234-240,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52276143,52204202);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2021SK2054)。

摘　　要：针对森林环境文物建筑集中区域环境复杂,难以准确评估区域灭火救援能力等问题,基于层次分析法(AHP),提出耦合森林因素的单体文物建筑灭火救援能力评估方法,涵盖建筑材料、森林防火隔离带、消防水源等19个二级指标;在单体评估基础上,从区域视角建立一种基于变权法的森林环境文物建筑集中区域灭火救援能力评估模型;并引入惩罚占主导的混合型变权函数,设置评价策略,确定惩罚与激励区间,区分文物建筑保护等级,提出风险等级划分方法;通过实地调研和数据收集,结合定权法和变权法评价森林环境文物建筑集中区域(岳麓山风景名胜区)的灭火救援能力。结果表明:单体文物建筑评级为优、良、中、次、差的数量占比分别为12%、20%、32%、20%、16%。区域定权法得分为75.27(Ⅲ级,不需采取提升措施),变权法得分为69.97(Ⅳ级,需采取提升措施);建议采取增设电气火灾预警系统、增加森林防火隔离带等措施来提升灭火救援能力。Aiming at the problem that the regional environment of cultural relic buildings in a forest environment is complex,and it is difficult to accurately evaluate the regional firefighting and rescue ability,an evaluation method of firefighting and rescue ability of a single cultural relic building coupled with forest factors was constructed based on Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),which covered 19 secondary indicators such as building materials,forest fire separation zones,and fire water sources.Based on single-unit assessment,a firefighting and rescue capacity assessment model based on the variable-rights method was established from the regional perspective for the centralized area of cultural relics buildings in the forest environment.A mixed-type variable-rights function dominated by penalties was introduced.The model was established by setting up the evaluation strategy,determining the penalties and incentives intervals,differentiating the protection level of cultural relics buildings,and putting forward the risk level division method.The firefighting and rescue capacity of the forest environment heritage building concentration area(Yuelu mountain scenic spot)was evaluated by combining the fixed-rights method and variable-rights method through field research and data collection.The results show that the number of individual heritage buildings rated as‘excellent,good,moderate,substandard,poor’accounted for‘12%,20%,32%,20% and 16%’.For the centralized area,the fixed-rights method scored 75.27(Level III,no need to take upgrading measures),while the variable-rights method scored 69.97(Level IV,need to take upgrading measures).Therefore,it is recommended that measures such as installing additional electrical fire warning systems and increasing forest fire breaks be taken to enhance firefighting and rescue capabilities.

关 键 词：森林火灾 文物建筑 集中区域 灭火救援 能力评估 变权 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]