第一次世界大战时期乌拉尔地区的华工研究(一)  

Studies of Chinese Workers in the Urals during World War I(I)

作　　者：耿义锦 Geng Yijin(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京102400

出　　处：《黑河学院学报》2024年第10期24-29,44,共7页Journal of Heihe University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大委托课题“华工与一战研究”(18@ZH030);中国社会科学院大学(研究生院)研究生科研创新支持计划科学研究项目“被遗忘的贡献者:东线旅俄华工回国安置问题研究”(2024-KY-058)。

摘　　要：一战时期远赴乌拉尔地区的华工群体档案和文献资料反映了旅乌拉尔华工的社会状况、发起罢工运动及参与俄国无产阶级革命情况。乌拉尔是一个工业相对发达的地区,一战期间,工业产量急速下滑的乌拉尔地方政府因缺员问题多次致函帝俄中央提请同意引进黄种工人,近万名华工应募抵达乌拉尔。但难以消融的文化和语言壁垒使其受到了工矿企业管理者、中外承包商和当地居民的公开歧视和不平等对待,各方矛盾与日俱增,直接导致华工后来的政治倾向。The archives and documents of Chinese workers who went to the Urals during World War I can reflect the social conditions of Chinese workers in the Urals,the launching of strikes and their participation in the Russian proletarian revolution.Urals is a relatively developed industrial region.During the First World War,local government in the Urals,where industrial output declined rapidly due to the shortage of workers,repeatedly sent letters to the Imperial Russian central Committee and agreed to introduce yellow workers;therefore,nearly 10,000 Chinese workers recruited to arrive in the Urals.However,the cultural and language barriers that were diffi cult to dissolve made them subject to open discrimination and unequal treatment by managers of industrial and mining enterprises,Chinese and foreign contractors and local residents,and the contradictions between all parties were increasing day by day,which directly led to the later political orientation of Chinese laborers.

关 键 词：乌拉尔 华工 一战 政治倾向 

分 类 号：K511[历史地理—历史学] D81[历史地理—世界史]