含锂废铝电解质综合回收工艺研究现状  

Research status of comprehensive recovery process of waste lithium⁃containing aluminum electrolyte

作　　者：王亚伟 WANG Yawei(China ENFI Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2024年第5期1-7,共7页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

摘　　要：废铝电解质中除了主要成分冰晶石外还含有7%Li,锂回收工艺包括火法工艺和湿法工艺,火法工艺主要用于废铝电解质预处理,湿法工艺通过浸出将锂富集到浸出液,并制备锂盐。传统浸出技术路线包括硫酸浸出、硝酸浸出、碱浸等,以产出碳酸锂为主要目的,部分技术路线同时副产冰晶石,实现了废铝电解质中有价组分的综合回收。在传统浸出技术路线的基础上,又有火法-湿法相结合、碱浸-酸浸结合、无机盐或有机酸浸出等创新性技术的出现。分析含锂废铝电解质综合回收技术研究趋势,可以看出以湿法处理工艺占据主导地位,虽然其普遍存在流程较长、工序较复杂的情况,但能实现Li、F、Al等有价组分的综合回收。本文详细介绍了各种处理工艺的优缺点及工程化应用所面临的挑战,指出在浸出回收锂的同时,以可操作、具有经济性、最大程度回收废铝电解质中其他有价组分为前提的技术路线具有更现实的意义。The waste aluminum electrolyte contains 7%Li.The lithium recovery process includes pyrometallurgical process and wet process.The pyrometallurgical process is mainly used for the pretreatment of waste aluminum electrolyte.The wet process enriches lithium into the leaching solution by leaching and prepares lithium salt.The traditional leaching technology includes sulfuric acid leaching,nitric acid leaching,alkali leaching,etc.The main purpose of producing lithium carbonate,and part of the technical routes,realizing the comprehensive recovery of valuable components of waste aluminum electrolyte.On the basis of the traditional leaching technology route,there are also innovative technologies such as pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical combination,alkali⁃acid leaching combination,inorganic salt or organic acid leaching.Analysis of waste lithium⁃containing aluminum electrolyte comprehensive recovery technology research trend,it can be seen that hydrometallurgical process dominated,pyrometallurgical treatment can only be used as pretreatment to achieve further hydrometallurgical leaching,the operating environment and production conditions of hydrometallurgical leaching are more friendly,although widespread long process,process is more complex,but can realize comprehensive recovery of Li,F,Al valuable components.The advantages and disadvantages of various treatment processes and the challenges faced by engineering application are introduced.It is pointed out that the technical route based on operability,economy and maximum recovery of other valuable components in waste aluminum electrolyte has more practical significance while recovering lithium by leaching.

关 键 词：废铝电解质 锂回收 碳酸锂 综合回收 湿法浸出 冰晶石 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]