中国临终老人家庭照料负担及其影响因素  

The Burden of End-of-life Family Care for Older People in China and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：孙金明 SUN Jinming(School of Social Development,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津理工大学社会发展学院,天津300384

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2024年第8期16-27,共12页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“失能老人家庭照料负担及社区支持研究”(21CRK002)。

摘　　要：基于2014-2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)中的死亡人口数据,分析我国临终老人家庭照料特点、负担状况及其影响因素。研究发现:临终老人照料者总体呈现出“血亲/姻亲—地缘/社会”的特点,在家庭照料中,配偶所发挥作用下降,子女成为临终照料的主力军;临终老人家庭照料负担为“低度”“中度”“重度”的比例分别为21.8%,37.8%,40.4%;临终老人照料需求(受临终老人的日常生活活动能力、认知能力、是否卧床影响)是影响照料负担的直接因素;家庭资源禀赋(包括人力资本、经济资本)有助于减轻临终照料负担;社会保障(由社会承担主要医疗费用及提供社区服务)不仅可以直接减轻家庭照料负担,还可以通过提升家庭资源禀赋间接减轻家庭照料负担。从完善临终老人家庭支持政策及构建社区老年照料服务体系等方面提出建议,为临终老人家庭照料负担干预方案的制定提供参考和借鉴。Based on the data of deceased older adults'data from the 2014-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),this paper analyzed the characteristics and burden of end-of-life family care for older people in China and the influencing factors.It is found that caregivers of the dying elderly are mainly blood relatives/in-laws,whereas social care and care from other friends are not so significant.In terms of family care,the role of spouses declines,and adult children become the main force of end-of-life care.21.8%,37.8% and 40.4% of families find their burden of end-of-life care for older adults are low,moderate and severe respectively.The care needs of those older people like activities of daily living,cognitive function,and bedridden or not,can directly affect the family care burden.Family resources including both human capital and economic capital help to reduce the burden of family care.Social security with the main medical expenses paid by and community services provided by the society can not only reduce the family care burden,but also reduce a family's burden of end-of-life care by boosting its resources.This paper proposed suggestions on improving family support policies for end-oflife care and developing community elderly care service systems,in order to provide reference for making intervention plans for the burden of family end-of-life care.

关 键 词：家庭资源禀赋 临终老人 家庭照料负担 照料需求 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]