基于表面显微分析技术的古代纸张纤维组成无损鉴别方法浅述  

A Brief Overview of Non-destructive Fiber Composition Identification Method of Ancient Paper Based on Surface Microscopic Analysis Technology

作　　者：杨讴蓼 蔺子涵 易晓辉[2] YANG Oulu;LIN Zihan;YI Xiaohui(Institute of History,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Key laboratory of Science and Technology for Ancient Book Preservation and Conservation,Ministry of Culture and Tourism,National Library of China,Beijing 100034,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京102488 [2]国家图书馆古籍保护科技文化和旅游部重点实验室,北京100034

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期605-615,共11页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

摘　　要：古纸样本纤维组成的分析鉴别是文物保护与修复的基础和关键。目前已有的鉴别方法主要有显微分析法、热裂解气相色谱质谱联用法和傅里叶变换红外光谱法。使用光学显微镜直接观察纸张表面过去常用于分析古纸加工的特征,无法鉴别纤维的组成。本研究通过调整光学显微镜的照明模式、光照角度,在不同放大倍数下观察纸张表面的纤维形态、尺寸、纹理、细胞腔形态以及杂细胞、非细胞类杂质的形态特征,实现了完全无损的古纸样本纤维组成多角度综合鉴别分析,并以3种古纸样品的分析过程为例展示其鉴别过程。The analysis and identification of the fiber composition of ancient paper samples constitute the foundation and key for the conservation and restoration of cultural relics.The prevailing identification approaches mainly encompass the fiber staining microscopic analysis method,electron microscopic analysis,pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the Fourier infrared spectroscopy.Previously,the direct observation of the paper surface through an optical microscope was frequently utilized to analyze the processing characteristics of ancient paper,although it failed to identify the fiber composition.This research accomplishes a wholly non-destructive and multi-perspective comprehensive identification and analysis of the fiber composition of ancient paper samples by regulating modes and angles of the light source of the optical microscope and observing the morphological characteristics of fibers,such as the shape,size,texture,cell cavity states,as well as the morphology of exogenous cells and non-cellular impurities on the paper surface at various magnification levels.The identification process was exemplified by taking the analysis processes of three ancient paper samples as instances.

关 键 词：纸质文物 表面显微分析技术 纤维组成无损鉴别方法 

分 类 号：K876.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TS712[历史地理—历史学]