松嫩平原西部3种杨树生长、木材属性及形态生理学特征比较  

Comparison on growth performance,wood properties,and morpho-physiological characters among three poplar species in western Songnen Plain

作　　者：胡彦波 张鹏[1] 张政[1] 任占齐 王福森 徐华东 邢政华 张秀丽 赵曦阳[5] 丁昌俊 HU Yanbo;ZHANG Peng;ZHANG Zheng;REN Zhanqi;WANG Fusen;XU Huadong;XING Zhenghua;ZHANG Xiuli;ZHAO Xiyang;DING Changjun(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;College of Life Science,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry,Qiqihar 161005,Heilongjiang,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;College of Forestry and Grassland Science,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040 [3]黑龙江省林科院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161005 [4]东北林业大学机电工程学院,哈尔滨150040 [5]吉林农业大学林学与草学学院,长春130118 [6]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第10期2945-2952,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD2201205)资助。

摘　　要：针对松嫩平原西部立地杨树树种配置问题,对比分析了15年林龄小黑杨(Populus simonii×P.nigra)、黑青杨(P.euramericana“N3016”×P.ussuriensis)和银中杨(P.alba×P.berolinensis)生长、木材属性和形态生理学特征。结果表明:银中杨和黑青杨生长(株高、胸径)优于小黑杨(P<0.05),材积量分别是小黑杨(0.08 m^(3)·株^(-1))的3.5和2.8倍;木材绝对含水率表现为黑青杨(140%)>小黑杨(110%)>银中杨(73%),但木材密度则为银中杨(0.45 g·cm^(-3))>小黑杨(0.42 g·cm^(-3))>黑青杨(0.38 g·cm^(-3)),木材pH和半纤维素含量在3个树种间差异显著(P<0.05),而纤维素和木质素含量差异不显著;树种间树干解剖结构和枝叶形态特征差异显著(P<0.05):银中杨年轮宽度、导管数量、理论导水率、枝基部截面积/枝长、叶面积显著高于其他2个树种,但冠幅和叶/枝鲜重比则显著低于其他树种;3个树种叶片N、P、K含量均显著高于枝(P<0.05);银中杨叶片N、叶绿素和游离氨基酸含量显著高于其他树种,但叶片NO_(3)^(-)-N、NH_(4)^(+)-N和C/P则显著低于其他2个树种(P<0.05);黑青杨叶片非结构碳水化合物含量、C/N、C/K显著高于其他2个树种;银中杨叶片光化学效率显著高于小黑杨,叶片N/K显著高于黑青杨。综上,松嫩平原西部宜优先配置银中杨,从木材属性看,黑青杨不宜替代小黑杨。Aiming to optimize site-species matching in western Songnen Plain,we compared growth performance,wood properties,and morpho-physiological characters of 15-year-old Populus simonii×P.nigra(XH),P.euramericana“N3016”×P.ussuriensis(HQ)and P.alba×P.berolinensis(YZ).The results showed that height and diameter at breast height of YZ and HQ were significantly greater than that of XH(P<0.05),with the timber volumes being 3.5 and 2.8 times of XH(0.08 m^(3)·individual^(-1)),respectively.Wood absolute water content followed an order of HQ(140%)>HX(110%)>YZ(73%),whereas the absolute dry density followed an order of YZ(0.45 g·cm^(-3))>HX(0.42 g·cm^(-3))>HQ(0.38 g·cm^(-3)).Wood pH and hemicellulose content rather cellulose and lignin content differed significantly among the three species.There were significant differences in xylem anatomy and branch-leaf morphological characters among the species,with YZ having the highest tree-ring width,vessel number,theoretical water conductivity,branch basal area/length ratios and leaf area but the lowest crown width and fresh-weight ratios of leaves and branches.Generally,the concentrations of N,P and K in leaves were significantly higher than that of branches(P<0.05)for the three species.YZ had significantly higher concentrations of N,chlorophyll,free amino acids,but lower concentrations of NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and ratios of C/P(P<0.05)in leaf,than the other two species.HQ had significantly higher concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates and ratios of C/N and C/K in leaf than the other species.YZ had significantly higher leaf photochemical efficiency than XH and higher leaf ratios of N/K than HQ.In summary,YZ can be preferentially selected for planting in western Songnen Plain.However,in the perspective of wood properties,HQ may not be an appropriate species in comparison with XH.

关 键 词：杨树 松嫩平原 光合作用 碳氮代谢 木质部 木材属性 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]