缅甸的民族性格及对缅内外政策影响  

Myanmar’s National Character and Its Influence on Myanmar’s Domestic and Foreign Policies

作　　者：宁威 Ning Wei(the College of International Studies,National University of Defense Technology;Information Engineering University)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学外国语学院 [2]信息工程大学

出　　处：《和平与发展》2024年第5期158-178,183,共22页Peace and Development

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金项目“缅甸政局突变后中缅民心相通问题研究”(项目编号:22BGJ068);江苏省社科基金项目“缅甸政局突变对中缅关系的影响研究”(项目编号:21ZZD005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自独立以来,缅甸政局跌宕起伏,民族冲突绵延至今,经济民生长期凋敝,致使国家发展落后。学界对缅甸问题极为关注,并尝试从“军政府合法性”“民主化进程”“族群冲突”等维度解构当代缅甸问题,但对缅甸的“民族性格”这一关键要素则明显关注不足。缅甸的民族性格总体呈现“温和乐善”“刚强尚武”“敏感谨慎”三重特质,从独立后缅甸的政治、经济历史发展来看,缅甸的民族性格对其民族国家建构、国家治理体制确立及对外交往原则等诸多方面都产生了深远影响。对缅甸民族性格的特点及其对当代缅甸问题的影响进行剖析,有助于从民族心理层面更加深入地透视当前缅甸问题的深层矛盾和发展趋势。Since independence,Myanmar’s political situation has fluctuated,ethnic conflicts have continued to this day,and economy and people’s livelihood have suffered for a long time,resulting in backwardness in national development.Scholars pay great attention to the Myanmar issue,and try to deconstruct the contemporary Myanmar issue from the dimensions of“legitimacy of the military regime”,“democratization process”and“ethnic conflict”,but are much less concerned with the key element of Myanmar’s“national character”.In fact,“national character”is of indispensable signifi cance to the analysis of the Myanmar issue.The national character of Myanmar generally presents three features,namely,“mild and friendly”,“unyielding and unswerving”and“sensitive and cautious”.Religious belief,geographical environment,historical experience and cultural traditions have jointly shaped this“tripartite nature”of Myanmar’s national character.Myanmar’s national character has had a profound influence on its modern nation-state building,the establishment of its national governance system and the principles of its foreign relations.An analysis of the characteristics of Myanmar’s national character and its influence on the contemporary Myanmar issue will enable us to see the deep contradictions and development trends of the current Myanmar issue more profoundly from the level of national psychology.

关 键 词：缅甸 民族性格 国家建构 民族矛盾 中立外交 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]