储能与动力电池用橄榄石型正极材料的开发及产业化进展  

Development and industrialization progress of olivine-type LIB cathodematerials for energy storage systems and electric vehicles

作　　者：刘亚飞 LIU Yafei(Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China;Beijing Easpring Material Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160 [2]北京当升材料科技股份有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《矿冶》2024年第5期637-653,共17页Mining And Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB2503900)。

摘　　要：橄榄石型LiMePO_(4)具有成本低、循环寿命长、安全性好、环境友好等优点,成为应用最广泛的锂离子电池正极材料之一。然而,该类材料存在电子电导率低、Li^(+)扩散差、压实密度低等固有缺陷,阻碍了在储能、电动车、航空等高性能电池的拓展应用。全面总结了LiMePO_(4)正极材料的晶体结构、电子结构、产业化工艺路线、存在问题、改性策略等研究和开发进展,详细分析了掺杂改性、纳米化等提高材料电化学性能的内在机理,梳理了表面包覆、新型结构设计等对材料的保护机制,这几种手段组合使用,可有效提高LiMePO_(4)的电子电导率、离子扩散速率、压实密度,实现更高的倍率性能、更长的循环寿命和更高的能量密度电池设计。最后,对橄榄石型正极材料未来在能量密度提升、成本持续降低、面向固态电池商业化应用等方向的发展前景进行了展望。Olivine type LiMePO_(4) is a one of the most widely commercial cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),due to its low cost,long cycle life,good safety,and environmental friendliness.However,this type of material has inherent defects such as low electronic conductivity,poor Li^(+)diffusion coefficient,and small pellet density,which hinder its expansion and application in high-performance batteries for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and aviation.In this paper,the research and development progress of LiMePO_(4) cathode materials in terms of crystal structure,electronic structure,industrialization process route,existing problems,and modification strategies are comprehensively summarized.The internal mechanisms of doping and nanocrystallization to increase the electrochemical performance are analyzed,and the protective principles such as surface coating and new structural design are outlined in detail.The combination of these modification strategies can effectively improve the electronic conductivity,lithium ion diffusion coefficient,pellet density of LiMePO_(4),achieving novel battery designs with higher rate performance,longer cycle life,and higher energy density.Finally,the future development prospects of olivine-type cathode materials in the directions of energy density improvement,continuous cost reduction,and commercial application for solid-state batteries are discussed.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 橄榄石型正极材料 产业化工艺路线 掺杂改性 表面包覆 新型结构设计 

分 类 号：TD97[矿业工程—选矿] TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] O646[理学—物理化学]