化学气相沉积法在锂离子电池硅/碳负极中的应用  

Application of chemical vapor deposition to silicon/carbonanodes for lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：成业 郭纵 郑朝振 刘朋远 王舒玮 CHENG Ye;GUO Zong;ZHENG Chaozhen;LIU Pengyuan;WANG Shuwei(BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China;Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and Systems Ministry of Education,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160 [2]华北电力大学电站能量传递转化与系统教育部重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《矿冶》2024年第5期729-737,共9页Mining And Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52302249);中央高校基本科研业务费(2023MS018)。

摘　　要：在众多锂离子电池负极材料中,硅由于其超高的理论容量(4200 mA·h·g^(-1)),被认为是下一代高能量密度电池最有前途的负极材料。然而,硅基材料在循环中较大的体积效应,限制了其电化学性能的发挥,并极大地阻碍了其实际应用。研究表明,硅/碳复合负极材料能够有效缓解硅的体积膨胀,提升导电性,从而提高硅基负极的稳定性和电池的循环寿命。然而,实现高稳定性的批量生产仍然是一个巨大的挑战。由于化学气相沉积法(CVD)可以实现高质量沉积,且工艺简单,因此在制备硅/碳负极材料中得到广泛应用。从沉积硅、沉积碳和沉积硅/碳三个方面展开综述了化学气相沉积法在锂离子电池硅/碳负极中的应用,重点介绍了其设计策略和电池性能。最后,给出了硅基负极的发展趋势和应用前景。Among the many anode materials for lithium-ion batteries,silicon is regarded as the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries owing to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity(4200 mA·h·g^(-1)).However,the drastic volume changes of silicon-based anode materials during cycling greatly limit theirs eletrochemical performance and inhibit its practical applications.It has been shown that silicon/carbon composite anode materials can effciciently mitigate the volume expansion of silicon and contributed to enhanced conductivity,thus improving the stability of silicon-based anodes and the cycle life of the battery.However,achieving industrial production with high stability remains a great challenge.Chemical vapor deposition(CVD)has been widely used in the preparation of silicon/carbon anode materials owing to its high-quality deposition and simple process.In this review,application of CVD in silicon/carbon anodes for lithium-ion batteries was summarized from three aspects:deposited carbon,deposited silicon and deposited silicon/carbon.The synthesis methods of silicon/carbon composite anode materials and their respective advantages and disadvantages were elucidated.Finally,the development trend and application outlook of silicon-based anodes were provided.

关 键 词：硅/碳负极 化学气相沉积法 锂离子电池 硅基负极 电化学性能 硅 负极材料 

分 类 号：TD97[矿业工程—选矿] TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]