生物炭提升土壤中解磷菌定殖及其解磷能力  

Effects of Biochar on Improving the Colonization and Phosphate-solubilizingAbility of Phosphate-solubilizing Microbes

作　　者：鲁丽佳 计丕霞 陈全 易鹏 吴敏 LU Lijia;JI Pixia;CHEN Quan;YI Peng;WU Min(Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control,Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南省土壤固碳与污染控制重点实验室,昆明650500

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第21期150-158,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41977334,42067055);云南省重点科技计划项目(202101AW070008,202001AS070015)。

摘　　要：磷肥施入土壤后其可溶性磷易与金属离子结合,转化为植物难以利用的沉积态磷酸盐。为满足植物的磷需求,磷肥的过量施用导致水体富营养化等一系列环境问题。如何利用绿色高效的方法减少磷肥的施用量,是值得关注的热点问题。解磷菌是一类能够将沉积态磷酸盐活化为可溶态磷酸盐的微生物菌群,能有效促进多种植物的生长和产量。由于不同环境因素的限制,植物根际的解磷菌数量有限。通过外源添加生物炭可增加解磷菌的定殖和解磷能力,有利于提升植物对磷肥的利用率从而减少其施用量。生物炭作为一种有机富碳材料,将其施入土壤后可以释放有效磷,而且其较大的比表面积、孔隙及所含有的营养物质与活性官能团有利于解磷菌的定殖。此外,生物炭的高pH值和丰富的营养物质可促进解磷菌释放NH_(4)^(+)的H^(+)质子以及分泌有机酸、碱性磷酸酶、铁载体等,能有效提高解磷菌的解磷能力。本文从生物炭可提高解磷菌的定殖及解磷能力、生物炭内源污染物对解磷菌的毒性机制以及通过生物炭改性手段提升解磷菌定殖与解磷能力等方面阐述了生物炭对解磷菌的影响,阐明了生物炭作为解磷菌载体的应用潜力,旨在揭示生物炭与解磷菌的协同作用能提升土壤有效磷含量的作用机制。Applied soluble phosphorus is prone to combine with metal ions in soil,transforming into depositional phosphates which plants can not absorb.In order to meet the phosphorus needs of plants,the excessive application of phosphorus fertilizers leads to a series of environmental problems such as eutrophication.It s important to reduce the excessive application of phosphate fertilizers using environment-friendly and efficient methods.Phosphate-solubilizing microbes are a kind of microbiome that can activate deposited phosphates into soluble phosphorus,thus effectively promoting the growth and yield of various plants.However,the biomass of phosphate-solubilizing microbes in plant rhizosphere is limited due to different environmental factors.It is conducive to improving the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizers,reducing the application amount of phosphorus fertilizers,as well as increasing the colonization and ability of phosphate-solubilizing microbes by adding exogenous biochar.As an organic carbon-rich material,biochar can release effective phosphorus when applied to the soil and it has a large specific surface area,abundant pores,nutrients,and active functional groups conducive to colonizing phosphate-solubilizing microbes.Biochar can promote phosphate solubilizing microbes in releasing H^(+)proton of NH_(4)^(+),secreting organic acid,alkaline phosphatase,and siderophore,due to its high pH value and rich nutrient.This paper systematically discusses the effect of biochar on phosphate-solubilizing microbes.It reveals the potential application of biochar as a carrier of phosphate-solubilizing microbes and the mechanism of toxicity of endogenous pollutants on phosphate-solubilizing microbes from biochar.Besides it confirms modified biochar can improve the colonization and ability of phosphate-solubilizing microbes.At the same time,this paper elucidates the mechanism of improving available phosphorus content in soil through the synergistic effect of biochar and phosphate-solubilizing microbes.

关 键 词：磷肥 解磷机理 生物载体 铁载体 有机酸 改性生物炭 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]