喀斯特地区农业就业可达性的空间格局及其影响因素研究——以黄平县为例  

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Employment Accessibility in Karst Area:A Case Study on Huangping County

作　　者：陈维妮 杨柳 史琼 CHEN Wei-ni;YANG Liu;SHI Qiong(Institute of Modern Agricultural Development,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Public Administration,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China;School of Public Administration,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院现代农业发展研究所,中国贵阳550025 [2]贵州财经大学公共管理学院,中国贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学公共管理学院,中国贵阳550025

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2024年第5期41-49,共9页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(D01024);黔农科院青年基金([2022]04);黔农科院社科引导基金([2024]05)。

摘　　要：精准衡量喀斯特地区农业就业供需空间格局及其影响因素,是实现区域就地就近就业的重要保障。以黄平县为例,运用改进高斯两步移动搜索法,依托实际交通路网,基于供需匹配,从行政村尺度,根据地块可供给就业岗位数量和居民点就业需求人数测算农业就业可达性,结合空间自相关分析和基尼系数探究可达性空间分异特征,并借助地理探测器探测空间分异的主要影响因素。研究表明:(1)黄平县各行政村农业就业的供需比差异大,供需不匹配显著;农业就业可达性呈现中部高可达集中,西北部一般可达围绕较高可达分布,东南部较低可达与低可达集中的特点;(2)黄平县农业就业可达性空间分异现象明显,分布呈现正相关性,居民点农业就业可达性均表现出差距较大或差距悬殊,内部不均衡性强;(3)耕地破碎程度对农业就业可达性空间分异影响力较大,同时经济发展、人口状况、地形地貌、耕地破碎程度和交通情况的交互作用对黄平县农业就业可达性空间分异影响较大。Accurately measuring the spatial patterm and influencing factors of agricultural employment supply and demand in karst area is an important guarantee for achieving local and nearby employment in the region.Taking Huangping county as an example,using the improved Gaussian two-step moving search method and relying on the actual transportation network,based on the supply and demand matching,the agricultural employment accessibility was calculated at the administrative village scale on the basis of the number of available employment positions and the number of employment demands in the residential area.Combining the spatial autocorrelation analysis and the Gini coefficient,the spatial differentiation characteristics of accessibility were explored,and the main influencing factors of spatial differentiation were detected using geographic detectors.Research results are as follows.(1)There is a significant difference in the supply-demand ratio of agricultural employment among administrative villages in Huangping county,with a significant mismatch between the supply and the demand.The accessibility of agricultural employment shows the characteristics of high accessibility concentration in the central region,general accessibility distributed around high accessibility in the northwest region,and low accessibility concentration in the southeast region.(2)The spatial differentiation in the agricultural employment accessibility in Huangping county is obvious,with a positive correlation in distribution.The accessibility of agricultural employment in the residential area shows significant or great disparities,with strong internal imbalances.(3)The fragmentation degree of cultivated land has a significant impact on the spatial differentiation of agricultural employment accessibility.At the same time,the interaction among economic development,population situation,terrain and topography,degree of fragmentation of cultivated land,and transportation situation has a significant impact on the spatial differentiation of agricultural emp

关 键 词：农业就业 可达性 空间格局 供需匹配 喀斯特地区 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] K901.2[历史地理—人文地理学]