《文心雕龙》“传神写照”论发覆  

The theory of“Transmitting the spirit”in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

作　　者：石钟月 郭鹏[1] SHI Zhongyue;GUO Peng(School of Literature,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi)

机构地区：[1]山西大学文学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《陕西理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期28-33,共6页Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology(Social Science)

摘　　要：“传神写照”是魏晋六朝时期一个重大的美学命题,对后世影响较为深远,刘勰在《文心雕龙》中却从未征引此术语,但仔细考究,可以发现《文心雕龙》中是有大量相关理论存在的,刘勰吸收了顾恺之“传神写照”论中的思想精华并加以改造和升华,形成了自己独特的文学理论。在本体论中,《原道》篇指出“神理”是文学产生的根源,在对“文”的本体追问中呈现出了“神”的审美意蕴;在创作论中,从审美想象的过程出发,与“传神写照”中的“迁想妙得”相似,但不同的是,刘勰将“想”更为具体化,融入了“志气”和“辞令”,认为二者是传递“神思”的关键机枢;在作品论中,《风骨》篇中“风骨”(“情”“志”“理”“神明”)和“采”(“文辞”“词采”)对举,“采”就是为传达出“风骨”的精神内蕴而服务的;《隐秀》篇更加侧重于对意象的描写,类似于“传神写照”的审美途径,即以“隐”写“秀”;在接受论中,通过对“神明”“神异奇伟”和“精诚忠信”的心理感受来感知“神明”的存在。“Transmitting the Spirit”is an important aesthetic proposition in the Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties,which has a far-reaching impact on later generations.Liu Xie never quoted this term in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons,but a careful study shows that there are a large number of relevant theories in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons.Liu Xie absorbed the ideological essence of Gu Kaizhi’s“Transmitting the Spirit”theory,transformed and sublimated it,then formed its own unique literary theory.In ontology,Yuan Dao points out that“divine principle”is the origin of literature,and presents the aesthetic meaning of“God”in the inquiry of“literature”.In the theory of creation,the“Spirit Thought”chapter starts from the process of artistic creation conception(aesthetic imagination),which is similar to the“Imagination and Beauty”in“Transmitting the spirit”,but the difference is that Liu Xie made“thinking”more concrete,integrating“intent and qi”and“rhetoric”,he thought that the two were the key mechanisms for transmitting“Spirit thought”.In the theory of works,the“strength of character”chapter,Wind and Bone(“emotion”“intent”“reason”and“spirit”)and“coloration”(“literary phrases”and“word choice”)are opposed,and“coloration”is to convey the spiritual connotation of“Wind and Bone”;the Implicit and Bright chapter focuses more on the description of imagery,similar to the aesthetic approach of“Transmitting the spirit”,that is writing“Implicit”with“Bright”.In the acceptance theory,the existence of“gods”is perceived through the psychological feelings of“gods”,“gods and wonders”and“sincerity and loyalty”.

关 键 词：《文心雕龙》 传神写照 “神” 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]